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Biomedical subjects

G Herrmann

Publications and source records attributed to G Herrmann.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Single vessel disease of the anterior interventricular branch as a cause of combined anterior and posterior wall infarct in comparison with 2-vessel disease of the RIVA and RCA].

Only few studies deal with the problem of an isolated stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) leading to a combined anterior and inferior myocardial infarction in the ECG and VCG. In the present study patients with electrocardiographic signs of anterior and inferior myocardial infarction and either one-vessel disease of the LAD branch (n = 27; group I) or two-vessel disease including the LAD and the right coronary artery (RCA) (n = 29; group II) were investigated. Due to the anterior myocardial infarction present in all patients, unequivocal signs of posterior and posterolateral infarct location were missing in the ECG and VCG. There was a distinct variability with regard to Q-wave duration and amplitude in the inferior leads of the ECG and of the Q/R-relation in the scalar lead Y of the VCG (Frank-leads) in patients with isolated LAD disease when compared to those with combined LAD and RCA disease, but no reliable parameter was found in the ECG and VCG which allowed to allocate patients to one of the two groups. On the other hand, there were significant differences in hemodynamics and left ventricular function between the two groups. Group I patients showed a significantly higher left ventricular ejection fraction (mean 49 +/- 15%) than patients with two-vessel disease (group II) (mean 42 +/- 12%) (p less than 0.05). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressures at rest (13 +/- 7 mm Hg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1986

[Echocardiography detection of reduced left ventricular diastolic posterior wall motion in patients with constrictive pericarditis--incidence and correlation with hemodynamics and clinical course].

In 24 patients with chronic constrictive pericarditis (CP) proven by right and left heart catheterization, the amplitude of diastolic left ventricular posterior wall motion was evaluated by M-mode echocardiography and compared with the results of 14 healthy volunteers. The amplitude was significantly less in CP patients than in normal controls (0.3 mm vs. 4.0 mm, p less than 0.001) and no CP patient showed a higher value than 2 mm whereas none of the normal subjects had an amplitude less than 3 mm. In 11 of 13 CP patients undergoing pericardectomy, an increase in amplitude was observed; in 6 of them the amplitude was within normal limits following surgery. No significant correlation between the degree of heart failure or the level of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and the reduction of the amplitude could be found. In addition, the level of the amplitude did not allow a clear separation between patients who could be treated medically and those requiring pericardectomy. It can be concluded that the reduction of diastolic left ventricular posterior wall motion is a valuable echocardiographic parameter for the noninvasive diagnosis of CP.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Functional radiographs of the craniocervical region and the cervical spine. A new computer-aided technique.

Disabilities of the articulations of the head and cervical spine can often be detected only by exact measurement of functional radiographs. From two radiographs, one in flexion and one in extension, not only can the total mobility of the head be measured, but also the mobility of the individual articulations can be evaluated by taking exact measurements of the position of each vertebra. A method for semi-automatic measuring of such pairs of radiographs is presented. Edges and structures of the bones that are clearly visible in both radiographs are digitized on a graphics tablet. Then, by computer program, each vertebra of the first radiograph is shifted and rotated until it fits best to the respective vertebra of the second radiograph. Thus, for each articulation, the mobility angle and the location of the mobility axis relative to the adjacent vertebra, can be computed. First experiences with this method are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Anti-herpes simplex virus and cytostatic activity of some new 5-substituted 1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-and 1-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) uracil nucleoside analogues.

Two series of 5-substituted acyclic uracil nucleoside analogues (5-X-acyclo-U) were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against three herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strains and one type 2 (HSV-2) strain in a plaque inhibition assay on human embryonic lung fibroblast (HELF) cell cultures as well as for their ability to inhibit the proliferation of baby hamster kidney cells in suspension (BHK-S) culture. Acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine; ACV] and (S)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine [(S)-DHPA] were used as reference compounds. Only two derivatives, 1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-5-(2,2-dibromovinyl)uracil (Br2V-HBU) and 1-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-5-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-uracil (Br2V-HEMU) proved active, but only at high concentrations (57-350 mumol/l) and without selectivity of anti-herpes activity, whereas ACV showed strong inhibition of HSV-1 and HSV-2 and a low cytostatic effect on BHK-S cells (50% inhibitory concentrations are 0.25-0.73, 2.1, and 240 mumol/l for HSV-1, HSV-2, and BHK-S, respectively), demonstrating a high antiherpes selectivity. In contrast, all other 5-X acyclo-U analogues [X = methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, vinyl, and 2-bromovinyl; acyclo = 1-(4-hydroxybutyl) and 1-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)] as well as the reference compound (S)-DHPA were inactive at concentrations up to 0.5-1 mmol/l. Some structure to activity relationships of acyclic pyrimidine and purine nucleoside analogues are discussed.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1985

[Heart transplantation in cardiomyopathy].

Within the spectrum of presently accepted candidates for heart transplantation, end-stage heart failure in dilated cardiomyopathy has become the principle indication. Although several indicators of poor prognosis have been specified, the decision for heart transplantation is primarily made on clinical grounds. Expected long-term survival after transplantation is 60 to 80% at one year and more than 50% at five years. Since July, 1983, 50 patients underwent orthotopic heart transplantation, 38 of whom had been suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy. Ages ranged from nine to 54 years with a mean of 40 years. At present, 38 patients are alive, 34 are discharged from hospital, 14 have returned to work or school. Physical capacity and cardiac function are normal. There was no difference between the cardiomyopathy patients and the coronary artery disease patients with respect to rate and severity of rejection episodes, infection and long-term findings. Heart transplantation is considered a promising routine treatment for end-stage heart failure in particular in younger patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Perfluorochemicals as a treatment of decompression sickness in rats.

Perfluorodecalin and perfluorotripropylamine which have N2 solubility coefficients of 28.4 and 35.7 ml/dl, respectively, were used for treatment of decompression sickness in this study. Rats with chronically implanted venous catheters were held for 30 min at 800 kPa (7 bar, 8 ATA) by introducing compressed air into a chamber in which they were kept; a relatively short period of decompression followed (200 kPa/min). Immediately thereafter injections of the perfluorochemicals (PFCs) in a dose of 10 g/kg were given, controls received saline in the same volume or remained without treatment. An observation period of 2 h followed; after this time the incidence of death amongst the experimental animals (as compared with controls tested by the chi 2-test) showed that PFC treatment increased the likelihood of survival. Probit-log time relationship for the incidence of death also revealed a significant decrease in lethality in treated rats 30 min after the end of decompression. The mean lethal times Lt50 differed significantly, too. A still greater effect might be expected if the PFC emulsion were deprived of its normal nitrogen content by oxygenation before administration. Under the conditions of the present experiments PFCs produced an improvement in N2 exhalation at least in terms of the survival rate after compression followed by a very short decompression time.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Antiherpes activity of some novel analogues of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (E-BrVUdR) in two different cell lines.

In a series of 5-vinyl-2'-deoxyuridine (VUdR) analogues (5-(2-X-vinyl)-UdRs) the (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-UdR (E-BrVUdR) proved the most potent inhibitor of plaque formation of two herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strains in human embryonic lung fibroblast (HELF) and African green monkey kidney (Vero) cell cultures. The (Z)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-UdR (Z-BrVUdR) isomer and the 5-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-UdR (Br2VUdR) analogue were 10-20 times less efficient, whereas the (E)-5-(2-cyanovinyl)-UdR (CNVUdR) and the (E)-5-(2-carboxyvinyl)-UdR (COOHVUdR) derivative were only marginally active (10(3)-10(4) times less than E-BrVUdR). The antiherpes potential of the 5-(2-X-vinyl)-UdRs was compared with that of 5-iodo-, 5-fluoro-, 5-formyl- and 5-ethyl-UdR (IUdR, FUdR, fUdR, EUdR) as well as of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (acyclovir, ACV), 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl(ara)-cytosine (FIAC), 2'-fluoro-5-methylarauracil (FMAU), arabinosylthymine (araT) and (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)- and 5-vinyl-araU (BrVaraU, VaraU). In HELF cells the following order of decreasing activity against HSV-1-77 was found: E-BrVUdR greater than greater than BrVaraU greater than VaraU greater than FIAC greater than FMAU = VUdR = = Z-BrVUdR = ACV = araT = FUdR greater than Br2VUdR greater than greater than IUdR greater than fUdR greater than EUdR greater than CNVUdR greater than COOHVUdR. The inhibition of HSV-1 replication by most of the investigated compounds was somewhat weaker in the plaque inhibition assay on Vero than on HELF cells, but, in the case of the 5-X-araU reference compounds the activity was strongly reduced in Vero cells. In HELF cells the order of decreasing potential against HSV-2 strain 42/78 (HSV-2-42/78) was: FIAC = FMAU greater than greater than araT greater than IUdR = VUdR greater than ACV = FUdR = greater than fUdR = EUdR = VaraU greater than E-BrVUdR greater than Z-BrVUdR greater than Br2VUdR greater than greater than BrVaraU; CNVUdR and COOHVUdR were nearly inactive.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1983

Antiherpes activity of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)- and 5-vinyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil and some other 5-substituted uracil arabinosyl nucleosides in two different cell lines.

Of a series of 5-substituted 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (5-X-araU) analogues, (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-araU(BrVaraU) and 5-vinyl-araU (VaraU) were the most potent inhibitors of plaque formation by two herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strains in human embryonic lung fibroblast (HELF) cell cultures. They were not only more active than 5-methyl-araU (MaraU, araT) and 5-ethyl-araU (EaraU), but even more than 1000 times more potent than the 5-fluoro, 5-iodo, 5-formyl and 5-trifluoromethyl (FaraU, IaraU, faraU, CF3araU) analogues. BrVaraU and VaraU were superior to 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (Acyclovir, ACV) and comparable in potency with 2'-fluoro-5-iodoaracytosine (FIAC) and 2'-fluoro-5-methylarauracil (FMAU). Their anti-HSV-1 potency was surpassed only by (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BrVUdR). Surprisingly, in a HSV-1 plaque inhibition assay in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells, BrVaraU and VaraU were nearly 100 times active or even inactive. In contrast, the antiherpes activity of ACV, FIAC, FMAU and BrVUdR differed only marginally in the two cell lines. The following order of (decreasing) activity against HSV-2 in HELF cells was found: FIAC = FMAU greater than MaraU (araT) greater than ACV greater than VaraU greater than BrVUdR greater than CF3araU greater than IaraU greater than FaraU = Eara U greater than BrVaraU greater than araU greater than faraU. When deoxyribose is replaced by arabinose in 5-X-UdR analogues, a slight increase in anti-HSV-1-77 activity was observed for the 5-vinyl or 5-ethyl substituent, whereas the other 5-X-araU nucleosides were two to more than 100 times less active than their deoxyribosyl counterparts. However, the sugar exchange led to a strong reduction in anti-HSV-2 activity regardless of the 5-substituent.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Constrictive pericarditis: results and problems of conservative and surgical treatment].

34 patients (pts.) with chronic constrictive pericarditis (CCP) were investigated by right and left heart catheterization and were followed at Hannover Medical School between 1975 and 1981. 12 pts. in NYHA stage II were treated medically (group I); 22 pts. (group II) in NYHA stages III or IV underwent surgery (pericardectomy). 7 pts. of group I and 12 pts. of group II underwent cardiac catheterization twice; the time interval between the two studies was at least 12 months, averaging 34 +/- 16 months in group I and 34 +/- 19 months in group II. 2 pts. of group I underwent pericardectomy after the second investigation. In group I the mortality was 16.7% (2 out of 12 pts.), both pts. being in stage IV. Hospital mortality in group II amounted to 20.8% (5 out of 24 pts.); late mortality was 4.2% (1 out of 24 pts.). However, 2 of 5 pts. who died in hospital had also undergone aortic and/or mitral valve replacement, and one was on chronic hemodialysis. Additional disorders of liver, lung, and/or kidney function or aortic and/or mitral valve replacement increased the operative risk considerably. Cardiac catheterization performed in 7 out of 12 pts. of group I yielded slight but significant hemodynamic deterioration under conservative management, and 2 of these pts. required surgery after reinvestigation. Cardiac catheterization performed postoperatively in 12 pts. of group II demonstrated normal hemodynamics, especially a decrease in right and left atrial and ventricular enddiastolic pressures (p less than 0.001) and an improvement in cardiac index (p less than 0.05) and stroke index (p less than 0.01). These observations suggest the following conclusions: Pts. in NYHA stage II can be treated medically as long as additional disorders are absent. Hemodynamic deterioration, however, is unpredictable, and approximately one third of pts. may deteriorate rapidly. Therefore, careful clinical observations and repeated hemodynamic studies are necessary. Pericardectomy is still associated with a rather high mortality, depending on additional disorders of liver, lung, and/or kidney function, which accumulate in pts. with long histories of right heart failure. On the other hand, late postoperative results are favorable. When the patient has liver, lung, and/or kidney damage or a long history of cardiac insufficiency, or is advanced in age, operation should be performed even in NYHA stage II because of the increasing operative risk attending higher stages of cardiac insufficiency.

Adult↗