[Hygienic prophylaxis: problems and solutions].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G I Rumiantsev.
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Terpinyl acetate is slightly toxic for animals and slightly accumulates in the body. Chronic inhalation causes changes of the CNS, blood, liver. MAC in working zone is 10 mg/m3 (3d class of danger).
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In the processing of the waste products of phosphorus containing fertilizer production, several major health-related factors were identified depending on the industrial site's peculiarities: unfavourable microclimate conditions (both cold and heat), relative temperature differences, noise and vibration caused by the equipment, semi-product's, additives' and finished product's dusts, fluorine- and phosphorus-containing substances' affects and poor illumination. The proposed data were used for health-related improvements in the occupational conditions.
Study of labour conditions in mining and processing of polymineral potassium ore was conducted. It was shown, that air and lighting conditions and vibrations are more severe under mining, than under processing of potassium ore.
The article contains data on the norming principles for and the biologic action of polymineralic potassium dusts. The analysis and comparison of experimental and clinical data presented potassium ore as a substance characterized by low toxicity and weak fibrogenic action. In animal studies, the general toxic action of potassium aerosols exceeded the fibrogenic effects. MAC was suggested for working zone areas at 5 mg/m3 (3rd class of hazards).
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Workers engaged in thin nitric acid manufacturing are exhibited to the combined action of both physical and chemical factors (noise, heating microclimate, nitric oxides, ammonia). Within the working hours, ECG changes and arterial blood pressure instability are displayed in operators and technicians. Influenza, acute respiratory disorders and osseo-muscular diseases present the main causes of morbidity with temporary disability. Technicians are characterized by a markedly greater morbidity rate. Ammonia and nitric oxides, as aggressive media, lead to higher rates of oral mucoid, hard dental tissues and periodontium lesions. Health-related labour conditions improvement measures are proposed.
People working in modern carpet industry are exposed to a complex of factors of different origin, the most important among which are general vibration and styrene vapors. It has been found out in animal experiments simulating working conditions, that the central nervous system is the most sensitive both under an isolated and joint exposure to the factors. The joint exposure of animals to styrene and vibration may be evaluated as having different targets depending on the parameters under study.
The study results show that significant improvement of labour conditions can be achieved due to the introduction of a new distribution pattern of technological equipment, further improvement of equipment supply of the technological process, further mechanization of production operations, rational arrangement and disposition of control desks for technological processes, utilization of possible means of protection against noise, improvement of measuring machines, rational organization of the workplace for packing of stock-produced products and application of the means of small-scale mechanization, rational distribution of the sections of packing, filling and loading.
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A complex of occupational factors, such as noise, vibration, workplace air dust loading, toxic fumes, forced work posture, neuroemotional and visual stress, affected health of those engaged at the carpet-making factory. The workers of basic professions experienced fatigue that was accumulated to the end of the working week. Diseases of the osteomuscular system, hypertension, vegetovascular dystonia, skin and subcutaneous fat infections, inflammatory diseases of female genital organs, hearing deterioration became more frequent in proportion to workers' age and length of service.
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