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Biomedical subjects

G J Ebrahim

Publications and source records attributed to G J Ebrahim.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Street children.

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Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The street children of Recife: a study of their background.

A classification of street children as those 'on' the street and 'of' the street is offered. In a study of children 'on' the street, economic need of the family was the main cause (82 per cent). The children were 14 times more likely to come from families who have recently moved into a neighbourhood; 3 and 3.7 times, respectively, to come from households headed by the mother or her male companion; nine times more likely to be living in homes without running water, and four times more likely to be without toilet facilities. The family income was a third less than average. Some families had sent their children out to work as early as the age of 5 years. Ninety-four per cent of the children were contributing between half to all of their earning to the home, although this was less so with older children. Exploitation at work was common. More than three-quarters earned less than the minimum wage, and half of them earned less than half the minimum wage. More than a third were not attending school and, among them, 87 per cent had left school after going 'on' the street. Those attending school were a grade or two behind that expected for their age. After working on the street for several years (mode = 4 years; longest = 12 years) most could see themselves as continuing to work in the informal sector. They ways in which MCH services can respond to the needs of street children are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Shigellosis.

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Asia, Southeastern↗
PubMed1991

The antecedents of adolescent pregnancy in a Brazilian squatter community.

A case-control study among first time pregnant adolescent girls in a squatter community in Recife, Brazil, showed that 46 per cent had already dropped out of school (P less than 0.001) and had a job at the time of their pregnancy (P less than 0.001; RR 5.5). Two-thirds came from single-parent households (P less than 0.001; RR 2.8) with weak supervision at home. There was some indication of modelling effect, in that more pregnant adolescents had mothers who became pregnant before the age of 15, or close family members who were adolescent mothers, but the difference was not statistically significant. By contrast, the peer group effect was significant (P less than 0.05; RR 1.9). More amongst the pregnant adolescents had commenced menarche before age 13, and twice as many compared to controls had started regular dating before that age (P less than 0.05; RR 2.3). There was a striking lack of knowledge concerning menarche, conception and contraception. The implications of the findings for school and health services in squatter communities are discussed. Four main antecedents on the path to parenthood when the adolescent can benefit from counseling are identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Frequency of behaviour disorder and related factors in school children in Lusaka.

In a cross-sectional study of behaviour disorders amongst children attending three primary schools in Lusaka 210 children, aged 8-12 years, were assessed by means of the behaviour rating questionnaire developed by Rutter for teachers. The frequency of behaviour disorder was 14.8 per cent with sex ratio 1.9:1 (boy:girl). Children's mothers were interviewed to obtain background social and demographic information about the family, and anthropometric measurements were made on the children. Behaviour disorder was largely associated with characteristics of the school, socio-economic status, mother's occupation, play facilities at home and past history of hospitalization. The relevance of the behaviour rating questionnaire for developing countries is discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Malnutrition among children of adolescent mothers in a squatter community of Recife, Brazil.

In a study of 357 first time mothers in a squatter community of Recife it was found that 1 in 10 were less than 15 years old and 60 per cent less than 20 at the time of their first delivery. Two groups of mothers were distinguished, viz. adolescent mothers with a mean (SD) age at first delivery of 16.7 (0.78) years and older mothers with a mean (SD) age at first delivery of 25 (0.79). More than a third were living in common-law union. Of the adolescent mothers only 58 per cent were living with the child's father. A further 23 per cent had received financial support from their own parents during the pregnancy. The rest were expelled from home. The adolescent mothers were generally worse off with a per capita income generally half of that of older mothers. About a quarter of all children studied were below the 10th centile of NCHS standards (23 per cent by weight/age; 28 per cent by height/age). The undernourished first born was 2.5 times more likely to have an adolescent mother, four times more likely to be in a household with low income, and two times more likely to have an illiterate mother as compared to the first borns who remain well nourished. The implications of these findings for urban primary health care programmes are further discussed.

Adolescent↗