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Biomedical subjects

G J Felsberg

Publications and source records attributed to G J Felsberg.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Complex partial seizures and mesial temporal sclerosis: evaluation with fast spin-echo MR imaging.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of fast spin-echo (FSE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in detecting mesial temporal sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one patients with a diagnosis of complex partial seizures were studied. Criteria for abnormality included visual detection of hippocampal MR signal abnormality and atrophy or significantly decreased hippocampal volume determined by using MR morphometric techniques. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity and specificity of MR imaging in demonstrating correct lateralization of seizure focus were both 100%. The positive predictive value of FSE MR imaging was 100%. The negative predictive value was 50%. CONCLUSION: The authors recommend FSE MR imaging of the hippocampus as the imaging technique of choice in the evaluation of patients with complex partial seizures for mesial temporal sclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Herpesvirus infections of the CNS: MR findings.

Herpesvirus infections of the CNS are prevalent in all segments of the population, and are an important health care issue. The family of herpesviruses consists of a large group of double-stranded DNA viruses that includes herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, B virus, herpesvirus 6, and herpesvirus 7. In addition to producing infection when the host initially acquires the virus, an important property shared by these viruses is the ability to produce latent infection and to be reactivated.

Central Nervous System↗
PubMed1993

The dementias: correlation of clinical features, pathophysiology, and neuroradiology.

Current methods of neuroimaging have revolutionized the examination of patients with dementia. Clinical examination of these patients has identified cortical and subcortical patterns of dementia. Each of these patterns can be caused by various diseases. Mixed patterns also occur and also have several possible causes. Neuroimaging can be quite useful in confirming the clinical assessment of the pattern of dementia and in further refining the diagnosis. We review the pathophysiologic basis of and the clinical and neuroimaging findings in dementia, both cortical and subcortical. The roles of neuroimaging in diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and treatment evaluation are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Practical choices of fast spin echo pulse sequence parameters: clinically useful proton density and T2-weighted contrasts.

With the development of fast spin echo (FSE) MRI techniques, T2-weighted images of the brain may be obtained much more quickly than when using conventional spin echo techniques (CSE), because made the individual echoes on the FSE pulse sequence are phase encoded, allowing acquisition of the same spatial information as in CSE with less excitations. The pulse sequence parameters (echo train length, bandwidth, echo spacing) are discussed. Images were obtained on four volunteers using both CSE and FSE while varying repetition time, echo time and matrix. Comparison for signal intensity gray-white differentiation, fat and CSE signal, arifacts and vascular resolution showed that FSE images comparable in quality to those of CSE can be obtained in less than half the time. A practical choice of FSE parameters is recommended for clinical use. However, artifacts, possibly related to CSF and vascular pulsation, of which the radiologist should be aware, were identified on the FSE images.

Artifacts↗
PubMed1992

Fast spin-echo high-resolution MR imaging of the inner ear.

Advances in MR imaging continue to improve our ability to evaluate temporal bone anatomy and disease. CT remains the procedure of choice for fine-detail imaging of bone structures such as ossicular anatomy, but it is not the ideal imaging technique for soft-tissue structures (e.g., the membranous labyrinth and neural structures). Conventional spin-echo MR techniques used to image these structures cannot yield excellent contrast and spatial resolution in clinically acceptable time frames. Conventional spin-echo T1-weighted images lack tissue contrast between fluid (e.g., CSF, endolymph, perilymph), neural tissue, otic capsule septa, and surrounding temporal bone. Conventional T2-weighted imaging of the inner ear is needed to reveal the natural contrast between fluid, neural structures, and bone; unfortunately, the use of conventional T2-weighted images is limited by time constraints when large-matrix, thin-section techniques with more than one excitation are used. Fast spin-echo imaging is a recently developed technique that can provide T2-weighted, thin-section (2-mm) high-resolution images with excellent contrast in a fraction of the time needed for conventional spin-echo techniques. This speed advantage allows us to obtain high-resolution images in clinically acceptable time frames. Images produced by this technique are a useful addition, in conjunction with routine T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images, in the diagnosis of disorders of the inner ear.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Normal anatomy of the hippocampus and adjacent temporal lobe: high-resolution fast spin-echo MR images in volunteers correlated with cadaveric histologic sections.

This essay illustrates the appearances of sections of the normal hippocampus and adjacent temporal lobe on high-resolution heavily T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images and correlates them with histologic sections. We found that this MR examination showed the detailed anatomy of the normal hippocampus in a much shorter time than is possible with conventional spin-echo techniques. The information provided in this essay can be used as a baseline for distinguishing between normal and abnormal hippocampi in a variety of disease states.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Sclerosing osteomyelitis of Garrè (periostitis ossificans).

The diagnosis of sclerosing osteomyelitis of Garrè, or periostitis ossificans, is suggested by a history of hard swelling of the mandible accompanied by a carious dentition. Computed tomography, nuclear medicine scanning, and pantomography are used to illustrate the appearance of this condition arising in a 25-year-old woman. The differential diagnosis of mandibular thickening and associated bony sclerosis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Gallium-67 renal uptake in Sjogren's syndrome.

This case report describes a 61-year-old male with Sjogren's syndrome. Diffuse Ga-67 uptake in the kidneys was seen due to renal involvement with this disorder. Sjogren's syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diffuse bilateral Ga-67 accumulation in the kidneys.

Gallium Radioisotopes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Muslin-induced optic arachnoiditis ("gauzoma"): findings on CT and MR.

We report a case with a paraophthalmic aneurysm that was wrapped with muslin because it was unclippable. Six months after wrapping, the patient developed gradual vision loss involving the ipsilateral eye. Both CT and MR studies demonstrated a loculated fluid collection with marked surrounding enhancement in the region of the previous surgery. Craniotomy revealed an abscess centered in the region of the aneurysmal wrapping. Pathological diagnosis was consistent with a foreign-body reaction with acute and chronic inflammation. Postoperatively the patient showed improvement in vision. We describe the MR findings in this case of muslin-induced optic arachnoiditis ("gauzoma").

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MRI of gangliocytoma of cerebellum and spinal cord.

Gangliocytomas are rare CNS tumors that occur in children and young adults. We present a case of a cerebellar gangliocytoma with invasion of the cervical spinal cord demonstrated on MR. Radiographic differentiation of gangliocytomas from other ganglion cell tumors--ganglioglioma, dysplastic gangliocytoma of Lhermitte-Duclos, and desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma--is discussed.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗