Biomedical subjects

G J Kramer

Publications and source records attributed to G J Kramer.

21 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Emergence of the deciduous incisors in CLP children.

A longitudinal study of the time of emergence of the deciduous incisors was performed in Dutch cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) children (n = 52). A group of normal children (n = 62) served as control. Emergence dates were registered by the parents and checked regularly by one of the investigators. Mean emergence times of the deciduous upper incisors--including both the cleft-sided lateral in the distal segment and in the premaxilla--and lower incisors were studied. The lateral incisor on the cleft side situated in the distal segment was delayed 8 months in children with a cleft lip and alveolus and 13 months in cleft lip and palate children. The delay for the lateral incisor situated in the premaxilla increased by nearly 4 months in these children. The upper lateral incisors on the non-cleft side and in cleft palate children were not delayed as compared with normal children. The central lower incisors emerged one month earlier than normal when there was a palatal cleft. Presurgical orthopaedics used in these groups could have caused this acceleration. The central upper and lateral lower incisors showed no significant differences in mean emergence ages as compared with the control group, nor between the various cleft types. Sex differences were not found in any of the groups.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1986

Stratum corneum lipid abnormalities in surfactant-induced dry scaly skin.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been used to induce a dry scaly skin condition in human subjects. Measurements of stratum (s.) corneum hydration, scaliness, and lipid composition reveal in vivo surfactant perturbations on desquamation. Subjects (n = 10) were briefly treated daily with a 4% aqueous solution of SDS on one lower leg over a period of 2 weeks. The other control leg received no treatments. At the end of the treatment period, both lower legs were evaluated for hydration using an electrical impedance technique and examined by an independent dermatologist using a visually based grading scale for surface roughness and scaliness. Shave biopsies were then excised from each lower leg for analysis of s. corneum lipids. Treatment resulted in decreased s. corneum hydration and increased surface scale/roughness. These physical changes were accompanied by significant changes in s. corneum lipid composition. While surfactant treatments did not alter the total quantity of lipids per gram s. corneum protein, significant changes in specific lipid classes were observed. The free cholesterol to cholesterol ester ratio increased while the quantity of total sterols remained constant. The distribution of certain ceramide species were altered while the quantity of total ceramides remained constant. Free fatty acids were resolved into 2 distinct bands, only one of which diminished upon treatment. These results are interpreted in terms of a model for surfactant-induced perturbation of keratinization which leads to abnormal s. corneum lipids and altered desquamation.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Increased caries prevalence in 2.5-year-old children with cleft lip and/or palate.

The prevalence of dental caries was determined clinically in 2.5-year-old Dutch cleft lip and/or palate children (n = 76) and in children without congenital malformation (n = 75). The parents were given a structured questionnaire regarding the child's dietary habits, oral hygiene, fluoride exposure and social economic background. The prevalence of dental caries was higher in children with oral cleft than in children without oral cleft. Initial caries (white spots) was diagnosed in 17.1% of the subjects with oral cleft compared with 4.0% of the control subjects. Manifest caries (cavities) was found in 26.3% of the children with oral cleft compared with 5.3% of the controls. The dft score (manifest caries) was significantly higher for the oral cleft group (0.59 +/- 1.35) than for the control group (0.11 +/- 0.54). 52% of the total number of initial and manifest lesions were localized to the maxillary incisors. A multivariate analysis yielded initial caries, oral hygiene and treatment with preoperative infant orthopaedics as the variables significantly associated with manifest caries.

Case-Control Studies↗