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Biomedical subjects

G J Marchal

Publications and source records attributed to G J Marchal.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Three-dimensional imaging of acetabular dysplasia: diagnostic value and impact on surgical type classification.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value and the impact on surgical type classification of three-dimensional (3D) images for pre-surgical evaluation of dysplastic hips. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three children with a different surgical type of hip dysplasia were investigated with helical computed tomography. For each patient, two-dimensional (2D) images, 3D, and a stereolithographic model of the dysplastic hip were generated. In two separate sessions, 40 medical observers independently analyzed the 2D images (session 1), the 2D and 3D images (session 2), and tried to identify the corresponding stereolithographic hip model. The influence of both image presentation (2D versus 3D images) and observer (degree of experience, radiologist versus orthopedic surgeon) were statistically analyzed. The SL model choice reflected the impact on surgical type classification. RESULTS: Image presentation was a significant factor whereas the individual observer was not. Three-dimensional images scored significantly better than 2D images (P=0.0003). Three-dimensional imaging increased the correct surgical type classification by 35%. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional images significantly improve the pre-surgical diagnostic assessment and surgical type classification of dysplastic hips.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1995

Left ventricular quantification with breath-hold MR imaging: comparison with echocardiography.

To evaluate the reproducibility of measurements of left ventricular (LV) dimensions, function, and myocardial mass, segmented k-space gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed on two occasions on 12 healthy volunteers. To compare the MR data, all volunteers underwent a two-dimensional echocardiography with determination of LV dimensions and function. The left ventricle was imaged during breath-hold by consecutive, contiguous short-axis views at end-diastole and end-systole. An average of eight short-axis views was needed to encompass the whole left ventricle. This fast MR sequence limited the total acquisition time to 12 min. LV volumes and masses were calculated after manual delineation of epicardial and endocardial surfaces by two observers in a blinded fashion. Interstudy variability varied between 4.1% and 10.3% for LV end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume, respectively. Differences in interobserver variability were smaller and varied between 3.6% and 7.3% for LV ejection fraction and end-diastolic volume, respectively. Intraobserver variabilities ranged between 2.0% and 7.0% for LV ejection fraction and end-systolic volume, respectively. These variability percentages agree very well with other studies in literature using other MR sequences. No significant differences in LV dimensions or function were found between MR imaging and echocardiography. In conclusion, this MR sequence allows fast and reproducible LV quantification.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Determination of left ventricular volume by two-dimensional echocardiography: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging.

Left ventricular volume was determined in 12 healthy volunteers using a newly developed two-dimensional echocardiographic delineation method. The results were compared with those of magnetic resonance imaging, which served as the method of reference. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume was 123 +/- 12 ml, echocardiographically defined, and 121 +/- 12 ml calculated with magnetic resonance imaging. End-systolic volume was 41 +/- 7 ml on echocardiography and 37 +/- 6 ml on magnetic resonance imaging. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 67 +/- 4%, echocardiographically defined, and 70 +/- 5%, calculated with magnetic resonance imaging. There was no statistical difference for any of the measured parameters. Interstudy and inter-observer variability was minimal. In conclusion, in healthy volunteers left ventricular volume was accurately defined, using this newly developed two-dimensional echocardiographic delineation method. During endocardial delineation a dynamic display is continuously available on a second window, allowing precise visual edge-detection. Moreover, corrections can be made easily and quickly. These two advantages enhance the accuracy of the method, even in cases of poor echogenicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Suppurative pylethrombosis: a changing clinical picture.

In 2 patients presenting with fever of undeterminated origin, cryptogenic suppurative pylethrombosis caused by Bacteroides fragilis was diagnosed. Combined antibiotic and anticoagulant therapy resulted in recanalization of the thrombosed vessels. The role of ultrasonography and computed tomography scan in the diagnosis and follow-up of this rare condition is discussed.

Bacteroides Infections↗
PubMed1988

Use of shielding to prevent folding in MR imaging.

Aluminum foil was used as a shielding device during magnetic resonance imaging. During imaging of the abdomen or thorax, foil placed over the arms of the subject prevented folding over the limbs in the phase-encoding direction of the images.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Erythromycin-induced hepatitis: simulator of malignancy.

A 67-year-old patient was admitted with a 2-week history of epigastric discomfort that began after an episode of upper respiratory tract infection treated with erythromycin. Results of liver function tests were abnormal. Abdominal ultrasound (US) and computed tomography showed multiple, poorly demarcated irregular lesions in both hepatic lobes, suggestive of diffuse metastatic invasion. Histologic examination of the biopsy specimen revealed drug-induced hepatitis. Ten weeks after withdrawal of the erythromycin, US showed complete resolution of the hyperechogenic liver lesions.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Autosomal dominant hypophosphataemia with elevated serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and hypercalciuria.

A 14-year-old boy presented with the clinical and radiological features of rickets. Serum inorganic phosphate levels were constantly low, whereas serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were within the normal range. Laboratory investigation did not show any evidence for vitamin-D deficiency, chronic renal insufficiency, Fanconi syndrome, tubular acidosis, hepatic disease or intestinal malabsorption. A family study comprising 34 members over four generations revealed 10 other individuals to be affected and the mode of inheritance to be autosomal dominant. In addition to hypophosphataemia and normocalcaemia, the disease is characterized by elevated serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D levels and hypercalciuria. This hereditary syndrome of renal hypophosphataemia differs from the common familial X-linked hypophosphataemia and the recently described autosomal recessive hypophosphataemic rickets with hypercalciuria by its dominant mode of inheritance; it differs from hypophosphataemic non-rachitic bone disease by the elevated serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D levels and hypercalciuria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Transient synovitis of the hip in children: role of US.

Transient synovitis of the hip remains a common diagnostic problem for the clinician. The physical signs are not pathognomonic of the condition, and the classic technical examinations are of little help. Therefore, the authors retrospectively studied the value of hip arthrosonography in 46 children with clinical symptoms suggesting pathologic hip conditions. In 20 of the 21 patients with a final diagnosis of transient synovitis, articular effusion was detected on ultrasound (US). Conventional radiography showed an increased medial joint space in only eight of these patients. Increased echogenicity of the articular fluid was found in both transient synovitis and septic arthritis. The high sensitivity of US in detecting intraarticular fluid was demonstrated by cadaver studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Caroli disease: high-frequency US and pathologic findings.

Three infants with nonobstructive bile duct dilatation (Caroli disease) are described. The bile duct pathology was associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease in two patients and with severe destruction of the renal parenchyma of unknown origin in the other. Sonograms of the liver showed, besides bile duct dilatations, intraluminal bulbar protrusions, bridge formation across dilated lumina, and portal radicles partially or completely surrounded by dilated bile ducts. Liver biopsy was performed in two patients, and in one patient, the biopsy sample confirmed the findings noted on sonograms. These findings support the hypothesis that the normal embryogenesis of intrahepatic bile ducts is arrested in the pathogenesis of this disease.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1985

Dilatation of the cystic veins in portal hypertension: sonographic demonstration.

High-resolution real-time ultrasound (6 MHz) demonstrated vascular dilatation in the adventitial layer of the gallbladder in 7 patients with portal hypertension. The hypertension was due to long-standing cirrhosis in 4 patients; the other 3 patients had prehepatic hypertension due to thrombosis involving the portal vein in 1 and the splenoportal confluence in 2. In one of the cirrhotic patients, postmortem correlation of sonographic, angiographic, and pathological findings showed that the dilated vessels seen on sonography were cystic veins draining normally into the portal vein rather than portosystemic anastomoses. This indicates that varicosity of the cystic vein can be associated with portal hypertension, taking the form of either passive dilatation or hepatopetal portal collateral circulation.

Dilatation, Pathologic↗
PubMed1985

Anechoic halo in solid liver tumors: sonographic, microangiographic, and histologic correlation.

The origin of the sonographic halo sign in liver metastases was studied after autopsy in 33 livers with macroscopic tumoral involvement. For 20 lesions a detailed comparison of findings from high-resolution 7.5- and 10-MHz sonography, microangiography, and histology was carried out. Histologic study focused on the tumor periphery and its relationship to the adjacent liver parenchyma. In particular, the type of tumor infiltration, the presence or absence of peritumoral fibrosis, and the degree of liver cell compression were assessed. In all but two cases the halo was extratumoral and was caused by peritumoral liver cell compression. In the remaining two cases the halo was tumoral and was caused by irregular fibrosis or vascularization.

Angiography↗
PubMed1983

Sonographic evaluation of the normal ureteral submucosal tunnel in infancy and childhood.

Sonography was used to evaluate in vivo the length of the submucosal segment of the intravesical ureter in 35 normal infants, children and adults. Age varied between 3 and 30 years. Sonographic measurements were plotted against, age, height and weight. Analysis of the statistical data shows an almost linear growth profile in this age group. The dimensions obtained in vivo by ultrasound technique are comparable to the published dimensions obtained in vivo by endoscopic calibration or in vitro on fresh specimens. Although promising, ultrasound of the vesico-ureteral junction is because of technical limitations not yet applicable in neonates and infants in which measurement of the submucosal tunnel could be of clinical importance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A comparative study of angiography and dynamic computed tomography in liver angioma. A report of 15 cases.

The dynamic computed tomographic image of liver hemangioma has recently been reported as being sufficiently diagnostic thus, avoiding further invasive procedures. In the present report the computed tomographic and angiographic images of hemangioma were correlated based on the 15 patients (totaling 27 lesions) who were examined by both modalities. Despite careful technique, a full dynamic computed tomography sequence was obtained in only 11 patients. In eight of these 11 patients the scan image displayed all characteristics of liver angioma; in three the lesion could not confidently be differentiated from metastatic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The sonographic visualization of the vesico-ureteral junction.

The anatomical relationship between the terminal ureter, the trigone and the vesico-ureteral junction was studied in vivo by ultrasound. In healthy test persons successful visualization and differentiation of the submucosal, transmural and retrovesical segments of the terminal ureter could be obtained. Some potential clinical applications of the method are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

CT of noncystic liver lesions: bolus enhancement.

The combination of rapid bolus injections of urographic contrast medium and timed sequential computed tomography (CT) scans permits recognition of different patterns of enhancement. In a series of 68 proven tumors of the liver, minimal enhancement was observed in 68% of the lesions, homogeneous positive enhancement in 9%, and complex patterns in 23%. Sequential scanning of these lesions demonstrated both early and late contrast enhancement. Early enhancement seems to be related to tumor vascularity, whereas delayed uptake may be caused by slow diffusion into an abnormally large extravascular space. Although the combination of bolus injection and serial scans seems very promising in the detection of solid liver tumors, the usefulness of the method is limited by present inability to study the entire organ sequentially.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1979

Gallbladder wall sonolucency in acute cholecystitis.

The usual ultrasound findings in acute cholecystitis include diffuse hyperreflective wall thickening, hazy wall delineation and gallbladder distension. In 11 patients with acute cholecystitis, an additional sign was seen consisting of a hyporeflective or sonolucent layer, continuous or interrupted, within the hyperreflective, thickened gallbladder wall. Anatomic-pathologic correlation, comparative CT scans and clinical follow-up studies showed subserosal edema and necrosis to be the most probable cause of this finding.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new multislab 3D balanced turbo field echo technique for imaging of the renal arteries without contrast agent.

An 80-year-old female patient with arterial hypertension and slowly progressive deterioration of renal function was referred to our department for investigation of the renal arteries. Imaging of the renal arteries with ultrasound was inconclusive, due to obesity. Subsequently, imaging was performed with balanced turbo field echo which is a newly developed technique in our department. This new technique for the moment is still combined with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. A therapeutic digital subtraction angiography was performed for stent placement.

Aged↗