Biomedical subjects

G Janicka

Publications and source records attributed to G Janicka.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

[Monitoring of bacteremia in oncological patients].

The aim of the present study was analysis of bacteremia occurring among oncological patients treated in 3 departments of Regional Center of Oncology, in period 1997-2000. A total number of 255 blood cultures from 89 patients were tested using the automatic system to early detection of positive blood-cultures Bactec 9050 (Becton Dickinson). The strains were identified in the automatic VITEK system using commercial strips with biochemical tests and in manual system API (bioMerieux). The total number of positive blood cultures was 70 (27.45%). The most frequently isolated causal agents were the Gram-positive microorganisms (65.79%). Among 28 examined patients with positive blood cultures 10 were with lymphoma and 9 with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. 9 patients (32.14%) had sepsis, 4 patients with sepsis died. Constant monitoring of bacteremia in oncological patients should be fundamental element in control of hospital infection program.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Susceptibility to antibiotics of some species of Enterobacter isolated from various clinical materials].

We investigated 185 strains of Enterobacter spp. (E. cloacae--143 strains, E. agglomerans--15 strains, E. sakazakii--14 strains and E. aerogenes--13 strains) isolated from several clinical materials. An agar diffusion assay on Mueller-Hinton Agar was performed (according to NCCLS procedure and National Reference Center of Microorganisms' Drug-sensitiveness at Central Laboratory of Sera and Vaccinations in Warsaw Poland). E. cloacae: about 90% of the strains were sensitive to carbapenems. 85.3% of the isolates were susceptible to piperacillin + tazobactam. About 80% of the strains were susceptible to cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin. E. agglomerans: all strains were susceptible to imipenem, and 86.7%--to meropenem. 86.7% of the strains were susceptible to ureidopenicillins + inhibitors of beta-lactamases. About 80% of the isolates were susceptible to cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin. E. sakazakii: all isolates were susceptible to carbapenems. About 90% of the strains were susceptible to cotrimoxazole and 50%--to ciprofloxacin. E. aerogenes: all of the strains were susceptible to carbapenems and ciprofloxacin, 92.3%--to cotrimoxazole.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗

PubMed1999

[Beta-lactam-resistance patterns of some gram-negative rods].

Antibiotic susceptibility to ampicillin of 290 E. coli, 56 Klebsiella sp. And 167 P.mirabilis strains was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. Data were interpreted according to the NCCLS criteria. 37.9% of E. coli, 85.7% of Klebsiella sp. And 65.9% of P. mirabilis strains were resistant to ampicillin. In all resistant to ampicillin strains were performed resistance patterns to following antibiotics: piperacillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime and imipenem. The strains resistant to ampicillin were divided into four groups depending on resistance patterns.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1999

[Comparative analysis of occurrence and susceptibility to gram-negative bacilli isolated from intubation tubes and tracheostomy tubes in patients at intensive care units].

The purpose of this work was to determine the frequency of occurrence and susceptibility of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from intubation tubes and tracheotomy tubes in neonates and adults in intensive care units. Nonfermenting rods were the most often isolated from the tubes especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 39.2% to 45.2% of Gram-negative bacilli and Acinetobacter spp. from about 10.9% of Gram-negative bacilli. The rods of Enterobacteriaceae family were isolated too. It was found that the most frequently isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli--from 17.8% to 21.4% of Gram-negative bacilli. The other rods were isolated occasionally.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[The occurrence of the Enterobacter genus rods in the clinical materials and materials taken from hospital environment].

Due to continuously existing essential meaning of strains of Enterobacter spp. in human infections we investigated the occurrence of Enterobacter spp. in different clinical materials and in materials taken from hospital environment. Amongst 26,025 materials taken from patients there were 249 (1.0%) Enterobacter strains and respectively amongst 954 environmental materials--there were 11 (1.2%) Enterobacter spp. In isolated Enterobacter strains the percentage occurrence was: hospital materials: E. cloacae--65.6%, E. agglomerans--12.1%, E. aerogenes--6.25%, E. sakazakii--5.4%, E. gergoviae--1.3%, E. amnigenus--0.9%, E. intermedius--0.9% and Enterobacter spp.--7.6%; outpatient materials: E. cloacae--72.0%, E. sakazakii--12.0%, E. agglomerans--8.0%, E. aerogenes--4.0% and E. amnigenus--4.0%; hospital community: E. cloacae--63.6%, E. agglomerans--18.2% and E. sakazakii--18.2%.

Enterobacter↗

PubMed1998

[Gentamicin resistance of enterococcus genus strains isolated from clinical material].

The occurrence of High Level Gentamicin Resistance (HLGR) was tested among the strains of Enterococcus genus isolated from material potent to microbiological laboratory. The investigation included 184 strains of enterococci, and among them 178 strains of Enterococcus faecalis (96.7%) and 6 strains of Enterococcus faecium (3.3%). HLGR was detected with disks-diffusion method with disks containing 120 micrograms of gentamicin. The screen method with MHA-2 containing 500 mg/l of gentamicin in doubtful results was used. The resistance to high concentration of gentamicin was detected in 29 strains of enterococci (15.76%). The highest percentage of HLGR was proved among strains of enterococci isolated from pyogenic material of hospitalised patients (27.3%).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1998

[Resistance of Haemophilus sp. to antibiotics].

The present study was undertaken to determine the in vitro drug resistance of Haemophilus influenzae (68 isolates) and H. parainfluenzae (17 isolates). The tests susceptibility to Ampicillin, Amoxicilin/Clavulanic Acid, Cefaclor, Cefuroxime, Cotrimoxazole, Aztreonam, Ceftriaxone, Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, Rifampicin and Chloramphenicol were performed with a standard disk-diffusion method. The NCCLS methodology and susceptibility interpretative criteria were applied as described by the disk manufacturer. Beta-lactamase production was detected with nitrocefin impregnated disk (Cefinase, BBL Microbiology System). Resistance in nosocomially acquired Haemophilus isolates to several antibiotics was observed. Of the Haemophilus isolates 28.2% were Ampicillin in resistant, all were susceptible to the combination of Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid. The Ampicillin-resistant strains were beta-lactamase producers. We observed the high resistance (70.1%) to Tetracycline and (28.2%) to SXT (Cotrimoxazole). All isolates of Haemophilus were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin. The low resistance percentages to Rifampin (1.2%), Aztreonam (3.5%) and Chloramphenicol (3.5%) was observed.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗

PubMed1998

[The penicillin susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus in persons suffering from upper respiratory tract infections].

The susceptibility to penicillin was tested in 293 strains of S. aureus, 162 strains of H. influenzae, 60 strains of M. catarrhalis and 77 strains of S. pneumoniae, isolated from persons suffering from upper respiratory tract infections. Penicillin susceptibility testing has been performed by the disc diffusion technique. Beta-lactamase production in the penicillin-resistant strains of H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis and S. aureus was detected with nitrocefin impregnated disc. In beta-lactamase positive strains, the susceptibility to amoxacillin/clavulanic acid (AMC) was determined. Nearly half (46.3%) of H. influenzae strains was resistan to ampicillin. In the remaining bacteria, the percentage of resistance was 2.6% for S. pneumoniae, 82.4% for M. catarrhalis and 88.1% for S. aureus strains. All strains resistant to penicillin (ampicillin) produced beta-lactamase and were AMC sensitive.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1997

[Susceptibility to cefazolin, cefamandole and ceftazidime in Staphylococcus strains].

365 S. aureus and 165 Coagulase Negative Staphylococci were tested for susceptibility to methicillin, cefazolin, cefamandole and ceftazidime by standard broth microdilution and disc method. In staphylococci resistance to methicillin normally parallels resistance to beta-lactams, and it has been suggested that cephalosporins are not be used clinically if susceptbility tests show resistance to methicillin. Populations of methicillin resistant staphylococci are made up of a mixture of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant cells (heteroresistant isolates). This phenomenon is the cause of differences in resistance in vitro to methicillin and tested cephalosporins. Cefamandole was the cephalosporin which retained most antibacterial activity against some methicillin-resistant isolates (MICm MRSA = 63.2 mg/L, MICm MRCNS = 67.4 mg/L). This antibiotic has extremely small resistant subpopulations, only detectable by high-inoculum screening or prolonged incubation of isolates in the presence of the drug. Cefazolin was the cephalosporin which had most antibacterial activity against all methicillin-susceptible isolates (MICm MSSA = 1.3 mg/L, MICm MSCNS = 1.6 mg/L). Among the 3 studied cephalosporins ceftazidime was found to be the least active against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococci (MICm MSSA = 25 mg/L, MICm MRSA = 334.5 mg/L, MICm MRCNS = 414.6 mg/L, MICm MSCNS = 26.7 mg/L).

Cefamandole↗

PubMed1997

The resistance to betalactam antibiotics of lactose-positive and lactose-negative strains of Escherichia coli.

Two groups of Escherichia coli (lactose-positive and lactose-negative strains) were assayed to evaluate the resistance to betalactam antibiotics using disk diffusion technique. 57.66% lactose-positive and 80.82% lactose-negative strains showed the resistance to ampicillin. In lactose-positive E. coli strains 5.00% and in lactose-negative 18.64% strains respectively were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.

Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination↗

PubMed1997

[Resistance to antibiotics of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains].

Streptococcus pneumoniae strains are exhibiting increasing rates of antibiotics resistance. A rapid increase of resistance was seen not only to penicillin but also other antimicrobial agents and therefore this paper describes the study of resistance and multiresistance of pneumococci to 7 antibiotics: penicillin (P), erythromycin (E), clindamycin (CC), tetracycline (T), co-trimoxazole (SXT), cefotaxime (CTX) and vancomycin (Va), using the disk-diffusion technique according to NCCLS procedure. We tested a total of 218 S. pneumoniae strains isolated from various materials: from sputum (54), noses (117), throats (28) and different swabs specimens (19). The overall percentage of resistant isolates to penicillin was 3.7%, to erythromycin--4.1%, to clindamycin--10.6%, to tetracycline--17.4%, to co-trimoxazole--15.6%, to cefotaxime--2.3%. In the sputum was most the monoresistant strains (66.7%). The multiresistance was highest in the penicillin resistant pneumococci. With the exception of vancomycin, the number of resistant strains to non-beta-lactam antibiotics (erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole) was higher in penicillin-resistant strains compared with penicillin susceptible isolates. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Susceptibility to antibiotics of Staphylococcus aureus strains].

Staphylococcus aureus is a very important pathogen in humans about 20% of all bacterial infections are caused by S. aureus. Because the staphylococcal sensitivity patterns have changed, the aim of this study was to investigate the current susceptibility of the S. aureus strains to 9 antibiotics: penicillin (P), amoxacillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), erythromycin (E), cortimoxazole (SXT), tetracycline (T), chloramphenicol (C), mupirocin (MUP), gentamicin (Ge) and vancomycin (Va). Susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion technique, by the procedure outlined by the National Committe for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Susceptibility to methicillin was determined using 5 micrograms methicillin disks. beta-lactamase production in the penicillin-resistant strains was detected with nitrocefin impregnated disk (Cefinase, BBL Microbiology system). The microbiological characteristics of the samples: 338 of the isolates were derived, from noses and the throats 382--from surgical wound secretions. The analysis of the results showed that most S. aureus strains (82.8%) are penicillin resistant and beta-lactamase producing 13.5% of all strains were methicillin-resistant. 16.5%--were erythromycin resistant; 3.2%--were cotrimoxazole resistant; 51.4%--were mupirocin resistant; 20.6%--were gentamicin resistant. All of the strains were vancomycin sensitive.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗

PubMed1985