Epidemiologic data on the frequency of diabetes in the urban Greek population were lacking in Greece. Postpranadial urine samples of 21,410 inhabitants of a subturb of Athens were examined for glycosuria by two different enzymatic methods. It was found that 569 persons, i.e. 3.20% of the whole population aged 10 or more, presented postprandial glycosuria (cases of previously known diabetes were excluded); 417 persons out of these were submitted to an OGTT (50 g) and 135 new cases of diabetes were discovered. Glycosuria was associated with diabetes mostly in the age-groups above 40. Obesity was frequent among the newly discovered diabetes. Two thirds had abnormal blood sugar levels already in the fasting condition. The prevalence of non-diabetic glycosuria was 2.70% in males and 1.60% in females. The frequency of a family history positive for diabetes was found to be approximately twice as high in diabetics compared to subjects without glycosuria.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Moxalactam in serious infections: clinical, bacteriologic, and pharmacokinetic studies.

Moxalactam was evaluated in vitro against 600 nosocomial isolates of gram-negative bacteria and was compared with cephalothin, cefoxitin, and cefotaxime. Moxalactam was superior to the other compounds, with minimal inhibitory concentrations of less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml for 95% of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates and less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml for 85% of the Bacteroides fragilis isolates; 70% of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were inhibited with less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. Moxalactam at doses ranging from 1 g every 12 hr to 2 g every 8 hr was given to patients with serious infections of the respiratory (14) or urinary (13) tract, abdominal abscess (4), osteomyelitis (4), meningitis (5), soft-tissue phlegmon (3), malignant external otitis (2), peritonitis (1), and panophthalmitis (1). The clinical response was excellent in 35 (74.5%) and improved in 12 (25.5%) of the 47 patients. The pathogen was eradicated in 29 (61.7%) patients, two patients had relapses, and bacteria persisted but in decreased numbers and without development of resistance in 16 patients. The half-life of moxalactam was 146 (+/- 21) and 125 (+/- 34) min after 2-g intravenous and 1-g intramuscular doses, respectively. Kinetic studies in sputum, bile, bone, aqueous humor, prostatic fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid showed moxalactam concentrations several times higher than the required MICs. No appreciable adverse effects or toxicity were observed.

Bacteria↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical experience with aztreonam in four Mediterranean countries.

Aztreonam is a new, synthetic, monobactam beta-lactam antibiotic with activity directed specifically against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. At doses of 1-8 g per day, aztreonam was administered parenterally to patients with serious gram-negative infections of the urinary tract or other sites. A total of 462 organisms were isolated from sites of urinary tract infection; 93% of the isolates obtained within 48 hr before the initiation of aztreonam therapy were eradicated. Forty-three (86%) of 50 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from urinary sites were eradicated. Eighty-six percent of gram-negative organisms isolated before treatment from other sites of infection were eradicated. Whatever the site of infection, the percentage of patients with a complete resolution of signs and symptoms was similar. Aztreonam was well tolerated both locally and systemically.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of sulbactam plus ampicillin in gynecologic infections.

The efficacy of sulbactam plus ampicillin in the treatment of various gynecologic infections was evaluated in 24 women (median age, 35 years). Ten women had pelvic cellulitis plus vaginal cuff abscess; six, pyeloperitonitis; three, vaginal cuff abscess; three, surgical wound sepsis; one, tubo-ovarian abscess; and one, endometritis. Surgical procedures preceding infection included abdominal hysterectomy, ovarian cyst removal, ectopic pregnancy, correction of cystocele, and uterine dilatation and curettage. Twenty patients received 1 g of sulbactam plus 1 g of ampicillin per dose; four received 0.5 g of sulbactam plus 1 g of ampicillin per dose. The combination was given iv every 6 hr for three to four days and then im every 8 hr for three to five days (mean treatment duration, seven days). Pus cultures yielded Enterobacteriaceae (21 cases), enterococci (two), Bacteroides fragilis (12), other Bacteroides species (five), Peptococcus species (nine), Peptostreptococcus species (seven), and other anaerobes (five). Six infections were purely anaerobic; 18 were mixed. All but two infections were cured by both clinical and bacteriologic criteria, with no adverse reactions. Parenteral sulbactam/ampicillin seems safe and effective in the treatment of gynecologic infections of moderate severity.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Infertility and chronic prostatitis.

Long term treatment of chronic prostatitis with antimicrobials and their influence on semen quality and infertility were studied in 30 men with mean age of 36.7 +/- 6 years. The infection was symptomatic only in 50% of the patients with abnormal prostatic physical findings in 66.7%. Cardinal findings in the spermatogram were leukocytosis in 100% and oligoasthenozoospermia in 66.5% of the patients. E. coli and Staphylococci presented the most commonly isolated bacteria in prostatic secretion cultures. Various treatment schedules, including mostly co-trimoxazole, doxycycline and erythromycin, were given alternatively for 6-8 months. Symptoms were cured or improved in 79.7%, with elimination or improvement of abnormal physical findings in 85%, while the isolated pathogens were eradicated in all. Spermatograms were normalized or improved in 70% of the patients, while among them 9 impregnated their wives and in 2 of them twice. It is concluded that male infertility in the presence of semen leukocytosis and oligoasthenozoospermia should be investigated for underlying chronic prostatitis, while whenever proved, long term treatment with the proper antimicrobials not only cures or improves chronic prostatitis, but subsequently cures or improves male infertility.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal flora ecology after oral use of antibiotics: terramycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, neomycin, paromomycin, aminodidin.

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Ampicillin↗