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Biomedical subjects

G K Jacobsen

Publications and source records attributed to G K Jacobsen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in testicular germ cell tumours. A prospective immunohistochemical study.

189 orchidectomy specimens with germ cell tumours (95 pure seminomas and 94 non-seminomas) were studied for the presence of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) with the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. All seminomas were AFP negative, while 66% of the non-seminomas were positively stained for AFP. 21% of pure embryonal carcinomas (EC), 25% of EC components in mixed tumours, all yolk sac tumour (YST) components, 20% of pure teratomas (T) and 47% of T components were AFP positive. In EC and YST the immunohistochemical staining depicted characteristic previously unrecognized histological structures, presumably representing patterns of further differentiation. HCG was demonstrated in all choriocarcinoma (CC) components in the syncytiotrophoblasts and in syncytiotrophoblast-like cells (STLC) in 8% of seminomas and 30% of non-seminomas. 70% of all non-seminomatous tumours were positively stained for AFP and/or HCG. Neither AFP nor HCG positivity of the tumour tissue was especially associated with metastatic disease. Carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) present in seminiferous tubules adjacent to the tumours was never positively stained for AFP, but for HCG in a few cases.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Ferritin (FER) in testicular germ cell tumours. An immunohistochemical study.

189 orchidectomy specimens with germ cell tumours were studied for the presence of ferritin (FER) using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. FER was demonstrated in 93% of seminomas and 90% of non-seminomas. Various epithelial cell types in embryonal carcinoma (EC), yolk sac tumours (YST) and teratoma (T) were FER positive. Carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) which was present in the seminiferous tubules adjacent to the tumours was positively stained for FER in 94% of the specimens whether the tumour was a seminoma or a non-seminoma indicating a functional relationship of CIS to seminomatous as well as to non-seminomatous germ cell tumours.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1983

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in testicular germ cell tumours. A comparison of histologic and serologic occurrence of tumour markers.

170 patients with testicular germ cell tumours (88 seminomas and 82 non-seminomas) were examined with immunologic techniques for the presence of the tumour markers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in tumour tissue and preoperative serum samples. Patients with pure seminomas had AFP negative tumour tissue and normal levels of serum AFP, whereas 13% had HCG demonstrated in the tumour tissue, mainly in syncytiotrophoblast-like cells (STLC), and 9% had raised serum HCG. 55% of patients with HCG positive seminomas had raised serum HCG. HCG positive seminomas did not occur in higher frequency in metastatic disease than in localized. 65% of patients with non-seminomas had AFP positive tumour tissue and 66% had raised serum AFP. 85% of the former group had raised serum AFP and 83% of the latter had AFP demonstrated in the tumour tissue. 69% of the patients with raised serum AFP had a positively stained yolk sac tumour (YST) component, while 15% had positively stained tumour components other than YST, inclusive teratoma components. Although 71% of patients with metastatic disease had raised serum AFP, AFP positive tumours with or without raised serum AFP did not occur with higher frequency in metastatic than in localized disease at the time of diagnosis. 46% of patients with non-seminomas had HCG positive tumours and 29% had raised serum HCG. 61% of the former group had raised serum HCG and 96% of the latter had HCG demonstrated in the tumour tissue. HCG positive tumours with or without raised serum HCG did not occur more frequently in metastatic than in localized disease at the time of diagnosis. 28% of patients with non-seminomas had raised serum AFP as well as HCG, whereas 23% had neither AFP nor HCG in tumour tissue and serum. A search for new tumour markers in this rather large marker negative group of patients is recommended.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Biochemical markers for testicular germ-cell tumors in relation to histology and stage: some experiences from the Danish testicular cancer (DATECA) Study from 1976 through 1981.

The DATECA Project was started in January 1976 and includes all patients with testicular cancer in Denmark. During the first 6 years, 1246 patients entered the joint protocol for histology, staging, management, and clinical use of tumor markers. Only 746 DATECA patients fulfilled the claims for being ideally monitored with preoperative as well as postoperative serologic marker determinations. The overall prevalence of marker positivity, that is, elevated preoperative values of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and/or human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was 8% for patients with seminoma and 63% for patients with nonseminomatous disease. The prevalence of increased marker concentration in serum was correlated to stage (higher prevalence in higher stages) and to prognosis (marker-negative patients had a better prognosis than did marker-positive patients). An increased concentration of AFP or HCG was correlated with the presence of a primary endodermal sinus tumor and choriocarcinoma component, respectively.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Tumor markers in testicular germ cell tumors related to the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis.

A series of 170 consecutive patients with testicular germ cell tumors (88 seminomas and 82 non-seminomas) had preoperative serum samples and primary tumor tissue examined for the presence of the tumor markers, alphafetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) by immunologic techniques. Staging was performed, using a clinico- radiological system, i.e., stage I, tumor confined to testis; stage II, metastases to abdominal lymph nodes only: stage III, metastases to supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes and/or extranodal disease. Seminoma:all 36% had stage II+III disease. 55% of the patients with AFP had localized disease, and 45% had stage II+III. The frequency of patients with stage I non-seminoma with raised serum HCG was 63% compared to 37% in stage II+III. Within the group of HCG-positive non-seminomas, 60% were in stage I and 40% in stage II. Since a high frequency of patients with metastatic disease did not occur among the patients with AFP or HCG in preoperative serum samples or in primary tumor tissue, we conclude that neither AFP nor HCG are especially associated with metastatic properties. The higher frequency of patients with raised serum values among all patients with metastatic disease compared to localized disease may only reflect a greater tumor burden.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Immunohistochemical demonstration of hemoglobin F (HbF) in testicular germ cell tumors.

Increased serum levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in patients with testicular malignancy have been suggested to be due to reactivation of HbF synthesis in the bone marrow. Since HbF is known to be present in the normal yolk sac, a series of 12 testicular germ cell tumors containing yolk sac tumor (YST) components and/or embryonal carcinoma (EC) were examined by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique for the presence of HbF in the tumor tissue. In nine tumors, the YST components, i.e., cells of the microcystic and reticular patterns as well as of endodermal appearance, were positively stained. In addition, groups of positively stained cells were found in the mesenchymal stroma of the tumors. In seven tumors, varied numbers of EC tumor cells were also HbF-positive. In the vessels positively stained, blood cells occurred to a variable extent. The appearance and distribution of HbF-positive cells in the YST components are in accordance with the various types of blood-forming cells hitherto accepted to be present in the normal conceptus during development. In addition, the staining results indicate that YST imitates not only the yolk sac proper, but also other fetal structures. Furthermore, the results support the suggestion, that the HbF in the peripheral blood of patients with testicular tumors may originate in the tumor tissue, and not necessarily in the bone marrow. Evaluation of HbF as a serologic tumor marker in such patients is, therefore, recommended.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1983

Immunological reconstitution of nude mice transplanted with human malignant tumours.

The effects of neonatal murine thymus grafts implanted in nude mice previously transplanted with three different human malignant tumours were studied. Reconstitution resulted in tumour rejection, which started 2-3 weeks after thymus implantation and was complete after 3-6 weeks. The rejection process showed a characteristic histologic picture with 3 phases, an early, an intermediate, and a late phase, which were similar in the 3 tumour types examined. Histological examination of lymphoid tissues of successfully thymus grafted mice showed reconstitution of varying degrees. Numbers of plaque forming cells (PFC) of the spleen of tumour transplanted, thymus grafted mice were equal to or higher than the numbers of PFC in normal BALB/c controls. Mice, thymus grafted only always showed intermediate PFC-values. Responses to the T-cell mitogen, phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA) were only partially reconstituted, whether the nude mice were tumour transplanted or not. In addition tumour rejection in tumour-bearing nude mice treated with T-cells only, was studied. The rejection process was similar to that observed when a whole thymus gland was implanted. Finally, implantation of embryonic bovine thymus grafts was performed in tumour transplanted nude mice. When these grafts were accepted, tumours were also rejected. Possible mechanisms of reconstitution and the reasons for the varying results are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Intracellular plasma proteins in human fetal choroid plexus during development. I. Developmental stages in relation to the number of epithelial cells which contain albumin in telencephalic, diencephalic and myelencephalic choroid plexus.

The developmental stages of telencephalic, diencephalic and myelencephalic choroid plexuses in the human fetus and the morphology of choroid plexus epithelial cells in the various plexuses in different development stages were described on basis of PAS- and toluidine blue-stained material. Six different cell types were identified in various combinations in 4 different stages (I-IV). The number and distribution of albumin-containing epithelial cells in various plexuses in the different stages of development were investigated by indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Albumin-containing cells did not belong to a single cell type. The telencephalic plexus exhibited a staining pattern for albumin which was different from that of the diencephalic and myelencephalic plexuses. In the telencephalic plexus positive epithelial cells were frequent in stage I, whereas only a few positive cells were present in stage II and III. In contrast, 30-40% of the epithelial cells in both diencephalic and myelencephalic plexuses in stage I, II and III showed a positive staining reaction. Later in gestation less than 10% were positive. It is suggested that a main function of the diencephalic and myelencephalic plexuses early in gestation is associated with protein transport rather than with glycogen synthesis and storage which might be a major function of the telencephalic plexus.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1982

Intracellular plasma proteins in human fetal choroid plexus during development. II. The distribution of prealbumin, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, transferrin, IgG, IgA, IgM, and alpha 1-antitrypsin.

Individual choroid plexuses of human fetal brain at different developmental stages were investigated by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The number and distribution of prealbumin-, albumin-, alpha-fetoprotein-, transferrin-, IgG-, IgA-, IgM- and alpha 1-antitrypsin-containing choroid plexus epithelial cells were recorded. The distribution of prealbumin in choroid plexus epithelial cells differed from that of other plasma proteins identified in these cells. Prealbumin was present in more than 90% of the cells at all ages examined in contrast to albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, transferrin and IgG, which were found in less than 40% of the cells, and this proportion declined later in gestation to only a few per cent. The telencephalic plexus exhibited a staining pattern for the proteins, except for prealbumin, which was different from that of the diencephalic and myelencephalic plexuses. Double-staining and staining with polyvalent antiserum indicated that the same epithelial cells showed positive reaction for albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, transferrin and IgG. The results are related to the observation of a high concentration of plasma protein in fetal CSF which may result from transcellular transfer from blood to CSF across the choroid plexus epithelial cells.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1982

Immunohistochemical investigations of tumors of supposed fibroblastic-histiocytic origin.

The aim of this study was to localize alpha 1-antitrypsin, ferritin, and lysozyme by means of the indirect immunoperoxidase technique and to evaluate the significance of these antigens as markers of histiocytic differentiation in tumors of a supposed dual fibroblastic-histiocytic origin. The series comprised 31 malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) of the pleomorphic, spindle cell, and myxoid types, four cutaneous fibrous histiocytomas, and four atypical fibroxanthomas, four dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and two osteoclastomas of bone. For comparison, 15 soft tissue sarcomas of various other types were examined. Of the MFHs of the pleomorphic type, 18 of 22 (82 per cent) were positively stained for alpha 1-antitrypsin and 12 of 22 (54 per cent) were positively stained for ferritin. Of the five MFHs of the spindle cell type, none was positively stained for alpha 1-antitrypsin, three were positive for ferritin, and one was positive for lysozyme. None of the myxoid variants (corresponding to grade I-II myxofibrosarcoma) was positively stained for either of the antigens. These results and the observations made on the cutaneous fibrous histiocytomas, atypical fibroxanthomas, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and the various soft tissue sarcomas indicated that 1) alpha 1-antitrypsin is a valuable marker of histiocytic differentiation in both benign and malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 2) ferritin can be visualized in more than half of these fibroblastic-histiocytic tumors, and the presence of ferritin distinguishes the spindle cells of these tumors from fibroblasts of connective tissue and most fibrosarcomas, and 3) lysozyme, although a good marker of histiocytic differentiation in ordinary histiocytes and benign fibrous histiocytomas, is a poor marker of neoplastic histiocytes of malignant tumors. The results further support the concept that MFH is a tumor of a dual fibroblastic-histiocytic origin.

Ferritins↗
PubMed1982

Multivariate analysis of risk factors in patients with metastatic testicular germ cell tumors treated with vinblastine and bleomycin.

39 patients with testicular germ cell tumor metastases were treated with vinblastine intravenous bolus injection day 1 and day 36 and bleomycin intramuscularly twice weekly for 10 weeks. 8 patients had complete remission. 4 of these are alive with no evidence of disease for 91 + to 109 + months. Studied with Wilk's method for stepwise discriminant analysis tumor volume and performance status significantly predicted the patients who had complete remission. Studied with Cox's proportional hazard model for multivariate analysis hCG in the primary tumor, serum lactate dehydrogenase, performance status, and complete remission had a significant impact on survival. The information from the risk factors may be useful in a differentiated treatment of patients with testicular germ cell tumor metastases.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1981

Distribution of tumor-associated antigens in the various histologic components of germ cell tumors of the testis.

The various histologic components of 39 germ cell tumors of the testis were studied with indirect labeled immunoperoxidase technique for the presence of the following tumor-associated antigens: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), specific pregnancy beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1), human placental lactogen (HPL), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and ferritin (Fe). Embryonal carcinoma components were positive for AFP in 9/16, for A1AT in 6/16, for CEA in 2/16, and for Fe in 14/16. All yolk-sac tumor components were positive for AFP and Fe, and 8/13 contained A1AT and 2/13 CEA. Epithelium in teratoid components was positive for AFP in 5/14 cases, for A1AT in 8/14, for CEA in 7/14, and for Fe in 8/14. Syncytial trophoblast in choriocarcinoma components and syncytial giant cells were all positive for HCG, SP1 and HPL. In addition, tumor giant cells in two nonseminomatous tumors and in one seminoma contained HCG. Otherwise, all pure seminomas were negative for all antigens, except for Fe, which was positive in 12/16 cases. Demonstration of this functional aspect of germ cell tumors of the testis may clarify problems of classification and elucidate histogenesis. Furthermore, immunohistochemical demonstration of tumor-associated antigens is of value in the management of the patient as an indicator of which tumor markers should be used for monitoring the treatment. In addition, the presence of tumor-associated antigens may be used in prognostic evaluation.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1981

Immunological reconstitution of tumour-transplanted and thymus-grafted nude mice.

Two different malignant tumours were transplanted prior to or after thymus grafts in nude mice, and the degree of immunological reconstitution was studied. All mice which rejected either of the tumour types had reconstitution as expressed by an excess of splenic plaque-forming cells. The level of response was dependent upon the age of the thymus graft and whether a tumour was transplanted or not. In contrast, the result of the phytohaemagglutinin stimulation assays of spleen cells were always subnormal in thymus-grafted as well as in thymus- plus tumour-transplanted mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Gangrenous cystitis. A case report.

Below is presented a case of bladder gangrene, delivery of the entire bladder wall per urethram, and spontaneous healing. The aetiology and treatment of gangrenous cystitis are reviewed in 21 cases reported in the literature over the past 45 years.

Aged↗