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Biomedical subjects

G K Malik

Publications and source records attributed to G K Malik.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Brainstem auditory evoked response in neonates with birth asphyxia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) abnormalities and their reversibility in neonates with birth asphyxia. DESIGN: Prospective case control study. SETTING: Tertiary care teaching hospital. METHODS: 30 term Neonates with 5-min Apgar < 6 and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) underwent BAER testing with follow up at 3 months. An equal number of normal term neonates served as controls. RESULTS: 13 out of 30 (43.3%) neonates with birth asphyxia showed some abnormality in BAER wave form. The commonest type of BAER abnormalities seen were transient prolongation of latencies of various waves (69.2%) and prolonged interside latency difference (69.2%). Other abnormalities observed were prolonged interwave interval (23.1%) and prolonged interside interval difference (7.7%). Abnormalities in BAER were significantly associated with stages of HIE and duration of neurological abnormalities more than 5 days. On follow up of 16 cases at 3 months of age, BAER abnormalities reverted back to normal in all the neonates. The Denver Developmental Screening Test (DENVER II) was suspect in 4 cases but the BAER was normal. CONCLUSION: BAER abnormalities in asphyxic neonates are transient and revert back to normal at 3 months of age. BAER does not appear to be a useful tool for early detection of neurological handicaps.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Outcome in relation to Apgar score in term neonates.

Sixty four asphyxiated term babies (Apgar score of 6 or less at 5 minutes) and 90 non-asphyxiated term babies (controls) were studied. Of these, 40 cases and 48 controls could be followed up. Mortality and neurodevelopmental outcome were studied in both the cases and controls. Mortality and poor neurodevelopmental outcome correlated inversely with the Apgar scores at 5 and 10 minutes. The outcome of babies with low 5 minute Apgar scores was significantly better than those with the same scores at 10 minutes. Symptomatic neonates when compared to asymptomatic neonates with same Apgar score showed significantly poorer outcome. Babies with Apgar scores of 6 at 5 or 10 minutes behaved like the controls both in terms of mortality and neurodevelopmental outcome.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1993

Behavior development in normal neonates.

The behavior of normal neonates was studied on day 3, 10 and 30 of life with the help of Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). The behavior items were clustered and each cluster was scored. The cluster scores increased on subsequent observations in both term and preterm neonates, the increase usually being significant. The corresponding cluster scores were significantly higher in term babies than preterms. Preterms with questionable delay in development at 3 months of age had significantly lower 30th day scores in 3 of the 7 clusters.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence & spectrum of congenital malformations in a prospective study at a teaching hospital.

A prospective survey for congenital malformations at birth, at a teaching hospital, over a period of two and half years on 9405 consecutive single births has shown that prevalence of major congenital malformations in live births was 1.6 per cent and in still births 16.4 per cent. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of congenital malformations between Hindus (2.0%) and Muslims (2.7%) but amongst Muslims with consanguinity the prevalence of congenital malformation was 4.6 per cent compared to 2.3 per cent in non-consanguineous Muslim spouses (P less than 0.05). Open neural tube defect was the single most common anomaly (31.7% of all malformations) occurring at a rate of 4.7 per 1000 single births, with equal prevalence of anencephaly and meningomyelocoele. Case control study showed that history of concomitant medical illness, drug intake during the first trimester, threatened abortion, hydramnios and pre-eclamptic toxaemia in the current pregnancy were significantly associated with the occurrence of congenital malformations.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1991

Mortality patterns in breast versus artificially fed term babies in early infancy: a longitudinal study.

The present study comprised 381 term babies weighing greater than 2.5 kg and 126 babies weighing less than or equal to 2.5 kg (low birth weight; LBW) at birth. A longitudinal follow up of 334 babies was done for 6 months. There were 273 'breast fed' babies and 234 'artificially fed' babies. Neonatal mortality rate per 1000 live births for term babies was 37.5, LBW had a rate of 31.5 while those weighing greater than 2.5 kg at birth a rate of 5.9; artificially fed had a mortality rate of 21.6 while breast fed had a low rate of 15.8. For 1-6 months period a mortality rate per 1000 live births of 53.8 was found for term babies, breast fed a rate of 23.9 while artificially fed a rate of 29.9; LBW had a rate of 44.9 while those weighing more than 2.5 kg at birth, a rate of 9. Low birth weight babies whether breast fed or artificially fed had significantly higher mortality than similarly fed babies weighing more than 2.5 kg at birth. Hence, mortality rate for term babies in early infancy can be reduced by simultaneous promotion of breastfeeding and prevention of low birth weight as it was dependent on both variables in this study.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1989

Goodwin's high risk score and neonatal outcome: an evaluation.

Goodwin's high risk scoring system was applied to a total of 725 expectant mothers at the onset of labor. The risk score ranges from 0-10, the quantum of risk increasing with the higher scores. Their newborns were assessed at birth in terms of Apgar score, birth weight, gestation age and occurrence of morbidity and/or mortality during the hospital stay. Twenty one were stillborn and out of 700 singleton liveborn, 92 developed some significant illness, of which 28 expired. The incidence of preterms, low birth weights and asphyxiated babies increased with increasing risk score. The mean risk score for alive and dead babies in perinatal period was 1.55 and 5.06, respectively. The scoring system can be easily applied at the District hospital level and CHCs but not at the level of dispensaries and PHC where the facilities for even the baseline investigations are not available and one has to decide about a home or hospital delivery.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1989

Simple hematological tests for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

Simple hematological tests, TLC, DLC, mESR, platelet count, were performed in 128 neonates of which 50 were controls and 78 were cases of suspected septicemia. Thirty three had positive blood cultures and were taken as 'proved' and remaining as 'probable' sepsis. A band cell neutrophil (B/N) ratio of greater than 0.2 was most sensitive index (92%) followed by raised mESR of greater than 8 mm for 1st hour, whereas leukopenia of greater than 5 x 10(3)/mm3 was most specific index (88%) for the diagnosis of sepsis. Thrombocytopenia of less than 1.5 x 10(5)/cu mm was also taken as positive test for sepsis. A combination of three positive tests had highest positive predictive accuracy (94%) for early diagnosis of sepsis, when compared to single test or two positive test combinations. The best combination of tests was B/N ratio, leukopenia and mESR which can be easily done in a side laboratory.

Blood Sedimentation↗
PubMed1989

Is high protein milk beneficial for SGA-terms?

A three months longitudinal followup of SGA term babies was done for their response to feeding of high protein milk (3.1 g/100 ml) and they were compared with their breast fed counterparts. The formula fed infants had no advantage over the breast fed when weight was compared. However, blood urea and serum creatinine levels were higher in the formula fed infants, than the breast fed ones. The serum valine concentrations, indicative of protein nutritional status, increased with increasing postnatal age in all the infants. Formula fed had higher serum valine than breast fed ones. Serum phenylalanine and serum tyrosine levels, which may hamper CNS development, were higher in the formula fed infants than the breast fed ones.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1986

Free and erythrocyte-bound bilirubin in neonatal jaundice.

Serum free bilirubin and erythrocyte-bound bilirubin concentrations were estimated in 53 jaundiced neonates with a total serum bilirubin concentration of 227.4 +/- 80.4 mumol/l. The serum free bilirubin and erythrocyte-bound bilirubin concentrations were 8.7 +/- 5.6 nmol/l and 23.8 +/- 6.0 mumol/l, respectively. Both, the serum free bilirubin (r = 0.741, p less than 0.001) and erythrocyte-bound bilirubin (r = 0.754, p less than 0.001) correlated directly with bilirubin-albumin molar ratio. There was a direct correlation between free and erythrocyte-bound bilirubin concentration (r = +0.657, p less than 0.001). The prediction of serum free bilirubin concentrations from the known erythrocyte-bound bilirubin value was unreliable.

Bilirubin↗