PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Kakizaki

Publications and source records attributed to G Kakizaki.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

The effect of long term ethanol intake on the parotid gland in rats.

To elucidate the effects of long term ethanol intake on the parotid gland, light and electron microscopic observations of the parotid glands from male Wistar rats that had been given 20% ethanol ad lib instead of water were carried out. The findings were compared with the changes in the pancreas previously reported (Kakizaki et al. 1987). The results were as follows: (1) Severe lesions involving lobular units of the parotid gland were found in three rats exposed to ethanol. (2) From the early stages of ethanol ingestion, the lateral interdigitations of acinar cells widened irregularly. In the striated ducts, basal enfoldings became also irregular and short, while the mitochondria (which were a slender rod shape and arranged parallel to the basal enfoldings in control rats) became swollen, developed a dark matrix, a decrease in the cristae, and showed random arrangement. (3) Later, both tortous proliferation of the intercalated ducts and destruction as well as irregular lamination of the basal lamina of the striated ducts were observed frequently. (4) The animals developing severe morphological changes in the pancreas following ethanol ingestion were different from the animals developing severe changes in the parotid gland.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Changes in the intercellular junction of rat exocrine pancreatic cells induced by long term ethanol ingestion.

The findings of electron microscopic observation of the intercellular junctions of pancreatic exocrine cells from male Wistar rats that had been given ethanol ad libitum in place of water are described. In control animals, numerous tight junctions having a distinct pentalamellar structure were observed in the well developed interdigitations of the baso-lateral domain of both the ductal and centroacinar cells. This type of junction differed structurally as well as topographically from the occluding junctions situated in the apical part of the lateral domain and exhibited a tri-lamellar rather than a penta-lamellar structure. Further, this type of junction was not observed in the interdigitations between the acinar and centroacinar cells or in those between acinar cells. These specialized membrane structures became hypertrophic after 1 and 2 months of ethanol ingestion. That is, the interdigitated cell processes became elongated but the distribution density of the tight junctions was similar to that in control animals, so that the total number of tight junctions increased. After 3 months of ethanol ingestion, the interdigitated cell processes atrophied, the intercellular spaces widened, and the number of tight junctions markedly decreased. Thereafter, these changes were observed continuously in ethanol-treated animals. However, the occluding and adhering junctions were not markedly affected by ethanol intake.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1987

On the pathogenesis of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis from the viewpoint of experimental results in rats.

To elucidate the pathogenesis of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, light-microscopic and electron microscopic observations of pancreases from Wistar strain rats given 20% ethanol ad lib, instead of water, were performed. Results were as follows: (1) In 3 (11%) rats, focal lobular unit acinar cell damage was observed under light-microscopy. In these cases, the intercalated ducts and centroacinar cells showed proliferation independently of protein plugs in ducts. (2) After ethanol intake, several degenerative changes in the acinar cells and ductular cells were observed under electron microscopy. The earliest and most consistent change was the irregular formation of microvilli and interdigitation between the parenchymal cells, accompanied by widening of the intercellular space, especially between the acinar and centroacinar cells. After three months of ethanol intake, an increase in the lysosomes and mitochondrial alteration occurred in acinar cells, and after six months of ethanol ingestion, there was tortuous ductular proliferation accompanied by the degeneration of the ductular cells. In addition to these parenchymal changes, the capillary endothelium and nervous tissue of the pancreas showed occasional degenerative changes after three to six months of ethanol intake. These results suggest that repeated degeneration and regeneration of the ductular cells results in deformation of ductular structures, with subsequent stenosis, and represents the primary event in the development of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis in rats.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1980

Experimental production of pigment gallstones in rats -with special reference to the effects of diet.

We attempted to produce experimental gallstones in rats by inducing incomplete obstruction of the terminal common bile duct under conditions of a low protein diet and rat chow, and we then studied the influence of each diet on the gallstone formation. The incidence of dilatation of the common bile duct in the low protein group was significantly higher than in the rat chow group. Two of 13 rats with a dilated common bile duct after a low protein diet had pigment gallstones. Histological examination of the common bile ducts showed that the gallstones included an extensive cholangitis. It is thus concluded that bile stasis and infection are important factors in the formation of pigment gallstone, and a low protein diet plays a considerable role as a predisposing factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Parotid saliva tests in patients with pancreatic diseases before and after surgery.

Two patients with pancreatic cyst were treated by cystojejunostomy, two others with pancreaticolithiasis by pancreaticojejunostomy (side to side), and pancreato-duodenectomy was done in one patient with cancer of the duodenal papilla and in one patient with cancer of the intrapancreatic bile duct. All these patients made uneventful recovery. In all these cases, parotid gland function was found depressed. After the operation, four patients showed normal parotid gland function and in one patient it was abnormally elevated. Thus, as previously reported in animal experiments, the parotid gland function was presumed to return to normal or to be elevated in parallel with the improvement of the pancreatic function or lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Pathological study of tracheal and pulmonary lesions in autopsy cases of congenital esophageal atresia.

One of the major causes of death in infants with congenital esophageal atresia is the lung complication. Analysis of the Annual of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan from 1966 to 1969 revealed that the lung complications were seen in 81% of total cases. We have carried out a detailed histological study of the trachea and lung in 4 infants who died of congenital esophageal atresia. In three of them, ciliated epithelium of the trachea was replaced by stratified squamous epithelium and the alveoli were filled with numerous foamy cells. There were only a little inflammatory change in sections studied. The constant association of these two lesions suggests cause-and-effect relationship, and we are inclined to think that retention of foamy cells in the alveoli is due to the impaired mucociliary transport mechanism in the respiratory tract.

Esophageal Atresia↗
PubMed1976

Experimental studies on the pathophysiological changes in the pancreas of rat following bilateral ligation of the parotid gland duct.

The blood sugar level, blood insulin level, serum amylase level and organ amylase level in the pancreas were measured in a total of 110 rats examined at 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr, and 1,2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after bilateral ligation of the parotid gland ducts. In parallel with this functional study, light microscopic study of th=e pancreas and the parotid gland and electron microscopic observations of the pancreas obtained from the rats were performed at the respective periods. The following results were obtained: 1) The serum amylase level was most elevated in the group examined at 12 hr after ligation and it decreased gradually and returned to the normal level at 96 hr after ligation and thereafter. 2) As for the pancreatic exocrine function, the organ amylase level of the pancrease was significantly elevated in function, the organ amylase level of the pancrease was significantly elevated in the groups examined at 24 hr to 3 weeks after ligation. Electron-microscopically, hyperfunctional state in the pancreatic acinar cells was recognized as evidenced by the dilatiation of the granular endoplasmic reticulum. 3) With regard to the endocrine function of the pancreas, the blood sugar level and blood insulin level did not show and significant changes after ligation as compared with the control group. Morphologically, electron microscopy showed a decrease in electron density and swelling of the cored granules, disintegration and fusion of their limiting membranes in the beta cells. These changes are interpreted as indicating the discharge of secretory granules in the beta cells. It is concluded that an impairment of the parotid glands influences the function of the pancreas to a certain degree.

Amylases↗
PubMed1976

Significance of Laurén's classification in chemotherapy of gastric carcinoma.

The effects of anticancer agents were studied on the basis of survival rates following surgery for gastric carcinomas in different histologic types of Laurén's classification. It was revealed that Laurén's classification would provide an index to the use of anticancer agents to a certain extent. Anticancer agents were effective against diffuse gastric carcinoma, and should therefore be intensively used for treatment of this malignancy. For female patients with diffuse gastric carcinoma, careful selection of adequate anticancer agents is highly necessary. Anticancer agents were less effective against intestinal-type carcinoma, and it would therefore be necessary to use anticancer agents on the aged male patients with this malignancy by taking his age and side effects of the agents into consideration.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

A new diagnostic test for pancreatic disorders by examination of parotid saliva.

The parotid saliva test was performed in 146 subjects, including 48 patients with pancreatic disorders, 82 with nonpancreatic disorders and 16 healthy persons. The following results were obtained: 1. The salivary output as well as the maximum bicarbonate concentration and amylase content in the parotid saliva of patients with pancreatic disorders were significantly less than those of patients with nonpancreatic disorders. 2. An abnormal saliva test was found in 83.3% of the patients with the pancreatic disorders. 3. Comparison was made of the parotid saliva test with the pancreozyminsecretin test in regard to diagnostic reliability in 44 subjects, including 22 with pancreatic disorders and 22 with nonpancreatic disorders. The data indicated that, in this series, an abnormal parotid saliva test was 88.6% accurate in diagnosing pancreatic disorders, whereas positive pancreozymin-secretin was only 65.9%.

Amylases↗