Biomedical subjects

G Kanonier

Publications and source records attributed to G Kanonier.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1998

Immunohistochemical investigation of enkephalins in the human inner ear.

Enkephalins are generally considered as neuropeptides in the central and peripheral nervous system of mammals bound to three large precursor molecules. Several animal studies demonstrated the distribution of met- and leu-enkephalin-like immunoreactivities in neurons and terminals of the lateral olivocochlear system. The immunostainings in the medial system are more controversial. No data about the presence of different enkephalin sequences in the vestibular efferent terminals are known. In the present study, the ultrastructural localization and distribution of immunoreactivities for six different antibodies against met- and leu-enkephalins in the human cochlear and vestibular periphery were investigated. A modified method of pre-embedding immunoelectronmicroscopy was applied. Met- and leu-enkephalin-like immunoreactivities were observed in the efferent terminals of the human outer and inner hair cell region. Using different met- and leu-enkephalin antibodies, the distribution of immunoreactivities remained similar. In the five human vestibular endorgans, enkephalin-like immunostaining was absent.

Antibodies↗

PubMed1997

Quantitative evaluation of cochlear neurons and computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction of spiral ganglion cells in humans with a peripheral loss of nerve fibres.

Quantitative data on human cochlear neuronal elements were collected from various regions in five patients with high-tone hearing loss due to presbycusis and in two patients with normal hearing. The number of nerve fibers was assessed in the spiral lamina and in the inner acoustic meatus together with counts of spiral ganglion cells. The results show that the number of neurons decreased peripherally, i.e., with increasing distance from the central nervous system in patients with high-tone hearing loss due to presbycusis. In two patients with normal hearing no significant difference in the number of neurons was found in the lamina spiralis as compared to the inner acoustic canal. Computer-aided 3-dimensional reconstruction of the human spiral ganglion displayed large bipolar neurons (type I cells), but also large ganglion cells with one missing axon. The results may indicate that a slow retrograde degeneration occurs from the periphery towards the spiral ganglion in presbycusis. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of freshly fixed human spiral ganglions displayed interneural connections. It is speculated whether a trophic supply from other neurons at the level of the spiral ganglion can prevent or delay further degeneration of the central axon.

Aging↗

PubMed1997

[Isolated extracranial meningioma of the facial soft tissues].

BACKGROUND: Isolated primarily extracranial meningiomas are extremely rare tumors of the head and neck region. The pathogenesis of these benign lesions is not fully clarified. Most likely these tumors derive from ectopic meningeal or arachnoid cells following the nerve sheaths of cranial nerves along their course through the skull base. PATIENT: We report on a patient presenting with a slow growing tumor of the soft facial tissue. The tumor was resected completely via an external approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The patient has been free of tumor recurrence for one year. The pathogenesis of the extracranial meningioma in this patient seems to be the displacement of meningeal cells in the course of a fracture of the base of the skull.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1996

Radiotherapy in early glottic carcinoma.

Radiotherapy is widely accepted as primary treatment in the T1 stage of glottic cancer, but controversy surrounds the proper approach to T2 lesions of the glottis. A retrospective review of 90 patients addresses treatment results for T1 and T2 lesions of glottic carcinoma managed by primary radiotherapy with 60 to 64 Gy from 1977 to 1989. Seventy-nine patients met the criteria for local control analysis with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Radiotherapy alone controlled disease in 93% (43 of 46) of patients with T1 lesion and 18% (6 of 33) of those with T2 tumors (including 10 patients in whom radiotherapy was terminated at 40 Gy because of persistent tumor). Ultimate control of disease for T1 and T2 lesions, including surgical salvage, was 100% and 82%, respectively. Larynx preservation was achieved in 100% of T1 and in 45% of T2 lesions. Extension of tumor and impaired vocal cord mobility showed statistical significance for adverse prognosis (p < .001). This paper discusses how these results affect treatment of glottic carcinoma, particularly in the T2 stage.

Actuarial Analysis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Angioneurotic edema as a reaction to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

While the incidence of ACEI-induced angioedema is low, ACEI use will continue to increase its frequency. Emergency physicians and otolaryngologists should play a key role in identifying patients with angioedema associated with ACEIs. Every patient with acute angioedema, especially in the region of the mouth, the tongue, and the upper airways, must be asked for medication with ACEIs. The physician must be aware of the fact that a moderate swelling can rapidly develop to a massive swelling, which requires an intubation or even a coniotomy. Thus, in any of these cases, the patient should be observed at least for 24 hours in the clinic or until the edema subsided almost completely.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ciliary beat frequency, olfaction and endoscopic sinus surgery.

We assessed prospectively changes in olfaction and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in 70 patients with chronic sinusitis. CBF was measured by the microscopic-photometry technique 2, 4 and 6 months after FESS. Olfaction was evaluated by the Erlangener Smell Identification Test. Preoperative CBF was markedly reduced due to the infectious process. CBF was significantly improved (p < 0.001), reaching normal values 6 months postoperatively despite the endoscopic examination revealing normal nasal mucosa at around 3 months. The pattern of improvement of CBF was linear being more rapid between months 4 and 6. After operation olfactory-impaired patients were improved subjectively and objectively (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003). We conclude that impaired olfactory ability and CBF are significantly improved after FESS, and FESS demands longer postoperative follow-up periods for at least 6 months even if the clinical evaluations were normal.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Morphometric and ultrastructural findings on human vestibular ganglion cells.

Eight human temporal bones (4 patients) were fixed within 2 h after death by perilymphatic perfusion through the oval and round windows. After preparation, 30-micron-thick sections were cut for light microscopy and ultrathin sections for ultrastructural evaluation. Under the light microscope, the diameter, the circumference and the area of the vestibular ganglion cells were measured. The data were statistically analyzed. The histograms of cell measurements showed two maxima. When observing the diameter of cells, one was at 40 microns and the other at 28 microns. Under the light microscope, we could distinguish two cell types, which mainly differed in size and content of granules in the cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally we identified also two cell types: larger cells with many mitochondria, dark clusters of endoplasmic reticulum and a varying amount of dark-stained lysosomes in the cytoplasm and smaller cells with only few mitochondria, no lysosomes and an extended rough endoplasmic reticulum. None of the ultrastructurally analyzed ganglion cells were myelinated.

Cell Nucleus↗