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Biomedical subjects

G Kauffmann

Publications and source records attributed to G Kauffmann.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Roentgen diagnosis in cartilagenous damage of the knee joint (author's transl)].

Double contrast arthrography of the knee will visualize the menisci as well as the cartilage of the joint. Lesions of the cartilage may be caused by direct trauma, damage or surgery of the menisci, osteochondrosis dissecans, and osteochondronecrosis. For visualization of the femoro-patellar joint tangential caudo-cranial views (the so called "Défilé" films) or "faux profil" projections should be performed. "Défilé" views will permit optimal evaluation of form and function of the femoro-patellar joint to visualize luxation, pathologic pressure pattern, and the degree of possible chondromalcia. The possibility of quantitative determination of the thickness of the cartilagenous layer is helpful for indication and planning of surgery.

Cartilage Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Comparative morphological investigation on the rabbit's auricle after exposure to CO2- and Nd:YAG-laser radiation.

By comparing the effects of CO2- and Nd:YAG-laser radiation (mainly differing in wave-length by a factor of 10), a surgical instrument suitable for Otorhinolaryngology had to be found. The studies were performed on the rabbit's auricle in order to examine the effect of the laser irradiation mainly on the cartilage. The CO2-laser was found to be more efficient in cutting and caused less extended tissue damage than the Nd:YAG-laser. The latter seems to be more suitable for soft tissue surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Alterations of cerebrospinal fluid pressure in experimental communicating hydrocephalus. Response of CSF-pressure to increased CO2-tension (author's transl)].

The response of cerebrospinal fluid pressure to increased arterial carbon dioxide tension was examined in 5 control dogs and 7 dogs with experimental communicating hydrocephalus. The cerebrospinal fluid pressure in control animals only rose to 35 mm Hg after elevation of the arterial CO2 tension. In dogs with experimental communicating hydrocephalus, however, a significant rise of intracranial pressure to 60 mm Hg can be demonstrated. This is accompained by a marked simultaneous decrease of cerebral perfusion pressure in hydrocephalic animals. Progression of communicating hydrocephalus can be explained as damage to the cerebral tissue by increased intracranial pressure waves and by ischemia due to low cerebral perfusion pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Correlation between microangiography and histological findings in renal carcinomas (author's transl)].

Arterial, venous and simultaneous arterial and venous injections with radio-opaque dyes were carried out under manometric control on three renal cell carcinomas following nephrectomy. The micro-angiographic appearances were then correlated with the histological findings. The radiologically abnormal vessels correspond with sinusoids with thin, capillary-like walls containing localised areas of thickening in a collagen-rich stroma. Both micro-angiographically and histologically, the sinusoidal connections can be demonstrated between the edge of the tumour and normal tissue. Arterio-venous anastomoses were not found. The angio architecture and micro-angiographic pattern in renal cell carcinomas is described. The significance of these changes in the circulation is discussed and its significance in carrying out pharmaco-angiography and retrograde phlebography is pointed out.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

[Efficacy of experimental renal embolization with microspheres. Additionally, a critical report on the complication rate of intra-arterial embolization with particles (author's transl)].

Renal embolization was performed in 12 dogs using the Seldinger technique and microspheres 250 +/- 40 micrometer in diameter. Periodical arteriography, microangiographies and histological analysis was carried out to control the efficacy of embolization. As a result, renal arteries could be embolized wi. th microspheres, however, because of statistical distribution there were histologically anemic and normal parenchyma situated closely together. In more than 50% there was a reflux of microspheres which could only be detected by histological examination, while angiographies showed a totally normal vascular pattern. Microspheres should not be used in clinical embolization. Experimental investigation of embolization materials must almost embrace histological analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Morphometric differentiation of tumor and inflammation in angiography (author's transl)].

The angiographic differential diagnosis of malignant, benign and inflammatory lesions should be facilitated by mathematical analysis of the underlying vascular structure. A rotating screen with parallel lines -- especially developed for this purpose -- is used for the first time to verify statistically essential criteria in tumor diagnosis. Random samples are taken from 2 kidneys with severe inflammatory lesions and 1 hypernephroma in order to extract mathematical indices for fluctuation of caliber, vascular avulsion, change of direction and diameter. The index for the flucutation of caliber is the single most important criterion to differentiate the vascular structure of tumor and inflammation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

[Transvenous kidney puncture. New procedure for withdrawal of kidney tissue].

A transvenous catheter technique for renal puncture is described which was successful in 9 of 11 punctures performed in 8 dogs. Macrohematuria was not observed in any case. Autopsy revealed only small subcapsular hematomas. The advantage of this procedure is the reduced risk of bleeding achieved by peripheral puncture and by-passing of the great central vessels with aid of phlebographic controls. Moreover localization of kidneys by excretion urography--impossible in patients with renal insufficiency--is unnecessary.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Morphological and physiological findings on hair cells with impaired metabolism (nitrogen, monoiodoacetate) in Caiman crocodilus with reference to sudden deafness.

Morphological and physiological studies were carried out on Caiman crocodilus under experimentally produced metabolic changes. During N2-respiration the cochlear potentials responded differently. The negative component (CM-) of the cochlear microphonics decreased continuously, whereas the CM+ component showed only a little change. The summation action potential (AP) exhibited a similar behaviour to that of CM-. These alterations were reversible up to periods of 30 min N2-respiration. The morphological findings, after N2-respiration, showed an intracellular oedema of the hair cells. The afferent synaptic contacts are always recognizable. Different degrees of disintegration within the presynaptic structures were seen. Efferent axosomal and axodendritic synapses were unchanged. MIA-perfusion led to an irreversible decrease of the cochlear potentials (CM+; CM-; AP) and morphologically to a total destruction of the papilla basilaris. The changes in the presynaptic structures during anaerobic metabolism offer the possibility of a new explanation for the reversibility of sudden deafness.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1976

[Evaluation of experimental arterial occlusion, with special reference to its complications (micro-spheres, Histo-Acryl, Paladur, alternating and direct currents (author's transl)].

Permanent arterial occlusion can be obtained experimentally by using plastic micro-spheres, polymerising materials (Histo-Acryl, Paladur) and direct current thrombosis. Certain limitations in their use arise from the properties of the substances. In our experience, plastic microspheres are not suitable for blocking entire organs or large vascular territories. They are more appropriate for occlusion of individual, small vessels by super-selective injections. Sole use of polymerising materials is not possible; they are best used in combination with other techniques (magnets, balloon catheters). Induction of thrombosis by small direct currents (50 volt, 10 mA). produces permanent and complete occlusion. The method can be used selectively or super-selectively. Unwanted thrombosis can be avoided by using catheters with the smallest possible external diameters.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1975

[Arteriosclerosis: efficiency of angiography (author's transl)].

Stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysmatic dilation are the principle angiographic signs in arteriosclerosis. Aorto-arteriography, either by direct puncture or indirectly via a catheter, permits visualization of all vascular sites of surgical interest, determination of the location and extent of the lesion, and evaluation of the function of the collateral system as well as the inflow and outflow. This stresses the extreme importance of angiography in preoperative planning and postoperative documentation of successful therapy.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1975

[Angiographic differential diagnosis of hydronephrosis (author's transl)].

The diagnosis of hydronephrosis is made by excretory urography with late films and retrograde pyelography. Renal arteriography in hydronephrosis permits exact evaluation of vascular supply and parenchymal thickness. In three cases selective arteriography was performed because of a non-functioning kidney or suspected space-occupying lesion. The combination of arteriogram and urogram--if necessary together with percutaneous puncture--allows to differentiate between hydronephrosis, avascular tumors, renal cysts, polycystic renal disease, renal abscess, subcapsular renal hematoma, fibrolipomatosis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, and tuberculosis.

Abscess↗