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Biomedical subjects

G Kielhofner

Publications and source records attributed to G Kielhofner.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Research values of occupational and physical therapists.

A national survey was conducted to determine occupational and physical therapists' values toward research. While members of both professions were found to have similar research-related values, therapists identified as researchers held somewhat more positive views of research than did clinicians. The primary differences between clinicians and researchers related to values regarding the relationship between research and professional status, and to the relationship between research and clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Development and investigation of the occupational performance history interview.

This article describes the development of the Occupational Performance History Interview, an instrument designed to gather an accurate and clinically useful history of an individual's work, play, and self-care performance from psychosocially and/or physically disabled adolescents, adults, and older persons. Following the identification and validation of content and the development of format, the instrument was field-tested and revised. An examination of reliability across time and raters indicated that although part of the instrument ratings met or exceeded levels of acceptable stability, further development and testing is indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Examining reliability and validity of the Preschool Play Scale with handicapped children.

This study examined the reliability and validity of the Preschool Play Scale (PPS), a measure of the developmental level of play, on a sample of 60 handicapped children. Results demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity for the scale as a whole. However, the need for some refinement of the scale was revealed by the findings. Categories of play that can be observed only infrequently need to be reconsidered. The data also suggest that the criteria for deciding whether a behavior is absent or whether there was no opportunity to observe the behavior need to be spelled out more clearly for the scale.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1986

The assessment of occupational functioning: a screening tool for use in long-term care.

This paper describes the development of the Assessment of Occupational Functioning (AOF), a screening tool designed to assess the functional capacity of residents in long-term treatment settings who have physical and/or psychiatric problems. The assessment is based on six variables of the Model of Human Occupation. A study of 83 community and institutionalized elderly subjects was conducted to examine the AOF's dimensionality, test-retest reliability, interrater reliability, concurrent validity, and ability to discriminate between healthy and institutionalized adults. Item analysis suggests that ratings tend to correspond with components of the theoretical model. Both test-retest reliability and interrater reliability correlations for total test scores were above accepted minimum levels. Correlations of the screening tool with scores on the Life Satisfaction Index-Z, a concurrent validity measure, yielded positive correlations. Correlations of the screening tool score with another concurrent validity measure, the Geriatric Rating Scale score, yielded mixed results. Discrimination results indicated that the instrument can distinguish between the adaptive performance of normal and institutionalized populations.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The relationships between volition, activity pattern, and life satisfaction in the elderly.

This study examines the relationships between the volition subsystem, activity pattern, and life satisfaction of 60 elderly individuals. The volition subsystem includes an individual's interests, values, and personal causation. The Occupational Questionnaire (OQ) was developed to measure volition subsystems and activity patterns, and it was pilot tested for reliability and validity. Scores on the OQ were compared with measures of subjects' life satisfaction. Results of the study identified several aspects of the subjects' occupations that were related to their level of life satisfaction. The most important findings were the positive correlations between the degree of interest, value, and personal causation in occupation and life satisfaction. Time spent in work and leisure was found to be correlated more highly with high levels of life satisfaction than was time spent in daily living tasks and rest. Although further verification of these results is needed, these findings indicate that occupational therapists may enhance the life satisfaction of their elderly patients by emphasizing interests, values, personal causation, work, and leisure in their treatment programs.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Beliefs, perspectives, and activities of psychosocial occupational therapy educators.

This article reports on descriptive survey study designed to provide information on the content of psychosocial occupational therapy courses, the professional beliefs of instructors, and relationships between their beliefs and decisions regarding course content. All currently accredited professional programs were surveyed; the data analysis was based on 64% of these programs. The survey found that despite a prevalent endorsement of occupational behavior theory, teaching practices were eclectic in terms of theoretical and skill emphases. This eclecticism appeared inconsistent with educators' perceptions that a major problem facing practice in mental health is a lack of a unifying theory to define the direction of occupational therapy practice.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1986

The reliability of a historical interview with physically disabled respondents.

This study investigated the reliability of a historical interview with 20 respondents with physical disabilities. An existing interview, the Occupational Role History, was modified and a companion rating scale was developed. Analysis of the test-retest and interrater reliabilities suggest that a stable clinical judgment can be formed from data gathered in a historical interview.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Organized activity and the adaptive status of nursing home residents.

This study examined one aspect of the hypothesis that the environment influences the adaptive status of elderly people. Specifically, it looked at the relationship between the amount of organized activities offered in three nursing homes and 44 residents' perceptions of their roles in the present and future and their future time perspective. No relationship was found between future time perspective and the amount of activity offered; however, positive relationships existed between present and future roles and the amount of activity. The study supports the premise that when activity is available, individuals are likely to form and maintain images of themselves as actively engaging with their environment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

An occupational therapy approach to assessing psychiatric patients' adaptive functioning.

This study focused on the relative utility of the model of human occupation for occupational therapy assessment of persons having mental disorders. The organizational status of the human system and its relationship to adaptive level of functioning and degree of symptomatology were examined in a sample of 30 adult psychiatric patients. We used a six-test assessment battery developed for this study, which was based on the model of human occupation, to measure the organizational status of the following components of the human system: locus of control, goals, temporal orientation, interests, roles, and skills. Subtests of the American Association on Mental Deficiency (AAMD) Adoptive Behavior Scale and the Modified Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale were used to measure adaptive level functioning and symptomatology, respectively. When we compared organizational status with psychiatric diagnosis and symptomatology, we found organizational status to be the more significant index of adaptive level of functioning.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Learning preferences, values, and student satisfaction.

This study sought to determine the relative importance of values and learning preferences for educational satisfaction and to examine differences in value and learning preferences among undergraduate and graduate occupational therapy students and undergraduate physical therapy students. Although all three groups conformed to a profile of preferring teacher-structured, concrete, interpersonal learning, the graduate occupational therapy students appeared to give greater emphasis to universal social values and to have a stronger preference for abstract learning than both groups of undergraduates. The undergraduates expressed significantly greater satisfaction with their education than the graduate occupational therapy students; for each of the three groups educational satisfaction correlated with a different set of values or learning preferences.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Play in evolution, culture, and individual adaptation: implications for therapy.

In this paper human play is examined from the perspective of its role in evolution. A model of social evolution is proposed to extend the model of biological evolution and to demonstrate the central role of play in the social-evolutionary process. Since in evolution play is a mechanism for its process, it demands species members who are playful. Thus, man is a player by virtue of species membership and the evolutionary pathway of the species. The implications of this deep-seated characteristic of playfulness are discussed in terms of human development. Finally, a set of principles is derived from the evolutionary-developmental characteristics of play. Application of these principles in clinical practice is demonstrated and discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The temporal dimension in the lives of retarded adults: a problem of interaction and intervention.

This paper describes an ethnographic study of temporality among a group of 32 mentally retarded adults. Data were collected by participant observers over a period of 18 months. The findings indicate that retarded individuals may experience and employ a notion of time that varies substantially from that of mainstream American time. This results in problems of interaction and intervention between professionals and these retarded adults. Sociological concepts are proposed for understanding these interactional problems.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1978

General systems theory: implications for theory and action in occupational therapy.

This paper presents a description of the transformation of science under General Systems Theory, and the relationship of this transformation to the field of occupational therapy. Changes in scientific methods of proof and in scientific laws that underlie theory are discussed. The paper presents a scale for recognizing complexity in phenomena and for analyzing the appropriateness of theories designed to explain the phenomena. It also presents the theory of open systems as an alternative to mechanistic explanations of human behavior.

Models, Theoretical↗
PubMed1977

Temporal adaptation: a conceptual framework for occupational therapy.

The concept of temporal adaptation was introduced into the field of occupational therapy early in its development; however, it has not been developed as part of the theoretical backing of the field. This paper re-introduces the theme and provides both a general prospective for the clinician in thinking about patients' temporal behavior and a preliminary framework for application. Temporal adaptation when applied in clinical practice should add a wider perspective to existing clinical interventions. It is proposed as a generically applicable theoretical perspective appropriate across all dysfunctional categories of patients. Two case histories are presented to demonstrate the application of the theoretical framework to intervention.

Activities of Daily Living↗