Biomedical subjects

G Kingsbury

Publications and source records attributed to G Kingsbury.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Human platelet glycoprotein VI function is antagonized by monoclonal antibody-derived Fab fragments.

Platelet interactions with adhesive ligands exposed at sites of vascular injury initiate the normal hemostatic response but may also lead to arterial thrombosis. Platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP)VI is a key receptor for collagen. Impairment of GPVI function in mice results in a long-term antithrombotic protection and prevents neointimal hyperplasia following arterial injury. On the other hand, GPVI deficiency in humans or mice does not result in serious bleeding tendencies. Blocking GPVI function may thus represent a new and safe antithrombotic approach, but no specific, potent anti-GPVI directed at the human receptor is yet available. Our aim was to produce accessible antagonists of human GPVI to evaluate the consequences of GPVI blockade. Amongst several monoclonal antibodies to the extracellular domain of human GPVI, one, 9O12.2, was selected for its capacity to disrupt the interaction of GPVI with collagen in a purified system and to prevent the adhesion of cells expressing recombinant GPVI to collagen and collagen-related peptides (CRP). While 9O12.2 IgGs induced platelet activation by a mechanism involving GPVI and Fc gamma RIIA, 9O12.2 Fab fragments completely blocked collagen-induced platelet aggregation and secretion from 5 microg mL-1 and fully prevented CRP-induced activation from 1.5 microg mL-1. 9O12.2 Fabs also inhibited the procoagulant activity of collagen-stimulated platelets and platelet adhesion to collagen in static conditions. Furthermore, 9O12.2 Fabs impaired platelet adhesion, and prevented thrombi formation under arterial flow conditions. We thus describe here for the first time a functional monoclonal antibody to human GPVI and demonstrate its effect on collagen-induced platelet aggregation and procoagulant activity, and on thrombus growth.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1999

A human anti-HIV autoantibody enhances EBV transformation and HIV infection.

A highly specific, human IgG mAb, F223, which reacts with both HIV-1-infected cells and uninfected lymphoid cells, has been derived. F223 reacts with gp120 but fails to neutralize viral infection. The antibody does enhance HIV-1 infection in a complement-dependent manner. The autoantigen recognized by F223 is expressed on a small percentage of T cells and NK cells and the majority of B cells. Immunoprecipitation demonstrates F223 reactivity with an as of yet unidentified 159-kDa protein in uninfected lymphoid cells. This reactivity with uninfected cells is inhibited by free gp120 demonstrating the cross-reactive nature of this antibody. The F223 light chain demonstrates strong homology to VLlambda2 family genes whereas the heavy chain is most homologous (84%) to the germline gene VH3-H.11. In vivo usage of VH3 family genes by F223 and an anti-HIV-1 (gp41) human mAb, 3D6, with related autoreactivity, suggests that VH3 sequences may be important components of potentially pathogenic human anti-HIV-1 envelope autoantibodies. F223 was isolated from an HIV-1 infected individual with lymphoma and in vitro F223 significantly enhances EBV transformation of normal B cells and increases immunoglobulin production without affecting B cell proliferation. Characterization of this antibody response may provide important insights and mechanistic information on HIV pathogenesis.

Antibodies, Blocking↗

PubMed1991

Expanded transition state analogues.

Stable analogues of transition states are used as haptens to elicit antibodies that will catalyse the reaction under investigation. The present failure of such antibodies to equal the catalytic efficiency of enzymes has prompted a more detailed analysis of the structure of transition states. Calculations suggest that for many types of reaction, including the Diels-Alder reaction and addition-elimination reactions, interatomic distances in the transition state are longer than those in analogues hitherto used to elicit catalytic antibodies. Three possible solutions are proposed for the design and synthesis of stable analogues that match the longer interatomic distances of transition states: atom substitution, atom insertion and double atom insertion. Some applications of these ideas to specific reactions are described. The concept of expanded transition states is also valuable for associative processes as a way of avoiding product inhibition of the catalytic antibody; this is being explored for a phenylalanine transcarbamylase antibody.

Antibodies↗