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Biomedical subjects

G Kobayashi

Publications and source records attributed to G Kobayashi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Augmentation in cytotoxicity of lymphnode lymphocytes by OK-432.

It has been demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cell activity of lymphnode lymphocytes (LNL) is very low and hardly augmented by interferon. In this study, OK-432 was injected into the gastric cancer mass through endoscopy one week before the operation, through which NK activity of LNL was significantly increased. A single cell assay could divide the OK-432-injected patients into two groups; responder and non-responder. In responders, the increased activity induced by OK-432 was found also in the distal lymphnodes.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of Helical scanning CT in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases].

We discuss the usefulness of Helical scanning CT (Helical CT) in the 52 patients with space occupying lesions of the pancreas. Information acquired during the early phase was found to be particularly useful in the evaluation of the extent of pancreatic carcinoma. The diagnostic rate of pancreatic tumors by Helical CT was 78% in 18 operative cases. The detection rate of involvement of the major arteries around the pancreas was compared with angiographic results in 22 cases each other, and the overall accuracy of Helical CT was 100%. On the other hand, the detection rate of PV invasion by Helical CT was compared with histological results in 14 cases, and the overall accuracy was 71.4%. In the cine mode and the multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) image, the courses of the major blood vessels and the degree of invasion into the blood vessels by pancreatic carcinoma could be continuously observed, both enabled reconstruction of the lesion and surrounding areas three dimensionally.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Partial resection of superior vena cava using two stage venous return catheter for a new application].

A case of invasive lung cancer was reported, in which operation partial resection and reconstruction of the invaded superior vena cava (SVC) was performed. During procedure in SVC, a two stage venous return catheter, which is ordinary used in cardiac operations, was used as a temporary SVC-right atrial internal bypass. This new application of the catheter was convenient and effective for resection and reconstruction of SVC.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Exercise therapy for osteoporosis.

Our experimental and clinical studies lead to the following conclusions: 1. The amount of exercise that has a favorable effect on bone tissue differs between males and females among individuals. 2. An appropriate amount of exercise has a favorable influence not only on weight-bearing bone but also on non-weight-bearing bone, provided there is a sufficient intake of calcium. 3. Exercise may prevent the bone loss in osteoporosis, but an increase in bone mass cannot be expected. The major aim is to increase bone mass before the achievement of peak bone mass in order to prevent osteoporosis. However, suitable weight-bearing exercise in osteoporosis is useful for the prevention of falls which may result in fractures, to increase muscle strength, to improve walking balance and coordination, and to prevent orthostatic hypotension.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical studies of S-1108 granules in the pediatric field].

We studied the clinical use of S-1108 granules in the pediatric field. The results are summarized as follows. 1. S-1108 was administered orally at doses ranging 6.85 and 17.6 mg/kg/day t.i.d. to 9 patients, including 5 cases of pharyngitis and 1 case each of lacunar tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and urinary tract infection. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 4 cases and good in 5 cases, hence an efficacy rate of 100% was obtained. 2. Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae (2 strains each) and Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis (1 strain each) were identified in these cases. Seven of the 8 strains were eliminated upon treatment and the other strain was decreased, hence an eradication rate of 87.5% was obtained. 3. Side effects observed were 1 case each of soft stools and diarrhea. As an abnormal laboratory test result, an increase in GPT level was observed. 4. No refusal of the drug occurred. 5. From the above results, we consider that this drug would be a useful new oral antibiotic for the pediatric field.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Changes in membrane fluidity modulate heat shock gene expression and produced attenuated strains in the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum.

In the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum the expression of heat shock genes is modulated by addition of fatty acids. Addition at 25 degrees C of saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid) to mycelia of H. capsulatum induced a significant increase in heat shock mRNAs transcription when cells were heat shocked. Conversely, treatments with unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) drastically reduced the level of heat shock gene transcription at 37 degrees C, and no detectable levels were measurable with 2 mM. Addition of saturated fatty acid induced a thermotolerant state and mitochondria retained ATPase activity coupled to electron transport under severe heat shock conditions and shortened the time required for mycelium-to-yeast phase transition. Conversely, addition of unsaturated fatty acids uncoupled mitochondrial electron transport and prolonged considerably the time required for phase transition at the same temperatures. A virulent strain, if treated with unsaturated fatty acid under condition in which no heat shock was detectable, lost its virulence probably as a consequence of decreased ability to adapt to the new living condition present in the host.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical study of gallbladder cancer associated with acute cholecystitis].

The clinical features of gallbladder carcinoma associated with acute cholecystitis and problems in diagnosing this condition by ultrasonography were investigated. Nine cases of gallbladder cancer with acute cholecystitis and 51 cases of gallbladder cancer without acute cholecystitis were reviewed. There were no obvious differences between those two groups as far as depth of invasion, location of cancer, and the prevalence of gallstones were concerned. However, there was a tendency for detection of cancer associated with acute cholecystitis by ultrasound to be more difficult than detection of cancer without acute cholecystitis. Macroscopic examination of resected specimens showed that superficial or flat type cancers tended to occur more often in cases of acute cholecystitis. This is considered to be the main cause of the difficulty in diagnosing such cancer by ultrasound.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[The evaluation of portal venous invasion of pancreatic cancer by endoscopic ultrasonography].

Thirty-six cases of pancreatic cancer including 27 cases of so-called mucin producing cancer of the pancreas, examined with endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and treated with surgery, were reviewed to evaluate the usefulness of EUS in the diagnosis of portal venous (PV) invasion. The detection rate of pancreatic tumors cancer by EUS was 92% in 36 cases. The detection rate of PV invasion by EUS was compared with histological results in each case. Judgement of the correlation between the tumor and the PV wall was possible in 30 cases (83%), and the overall accuracy of EUS in the diagnosis of PV invasion was 73%. It is concluded that EUS is a very useful method for diagnosis of PV invasion in cases of pancreatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Vasodilatory active principles of Sophora flavescens root.

Flavanones vexibinol and kurarinone were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of Sphora flavescens roots and assayed using isolated rabbit and rat thoracic aorta helical strips. These compounds inhibited KCl and norepinephrine maximum contractions in a concentration-dependent manner in the rat but only KCl contractions in the rabbit. Vexibinol and kurarinone weakly inhibited histamine- and serotonin-induced contractions in the rabbit. The results suggest that these flavanones may inhibit Ca2+ influx through a voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Correlation between ultrasonographic findings and pathological diagnosis of mucin producing tumor of the pancreas].

We reviewed 19 cases of so-called mucin producing tumor of the pancreas ultrasonographically and histopathologically. Conventional ultrasonography could detect 16 cases out of 19 (84%). But its detectability of localized cystic lesion or papillary projection in the cystic lesion was 68%. On the contrary, endoscopic ultrasonography could visualize such changes in 93% of the cases. In the case which have neoplastic change, it is considered that the portion showing papillary proliferation is correspondent to the ultrasonographic findings of irregularity of the wall of the pancreatic duct or thickened septum-like structure. In the cases which are diagnosed as hyperplasia, the cystic lesions are delineated as having smooth and thin septum-like structure.

Adenocarcinoma↗