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Biomedical subjects

G Konrad

Publications and source records attributed to G Konrad.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

[Biomechanical evaluation of glenohumeral stability through muscle force vector analysis. Effect of a decreased glenoid inclination in shoulders with global rotator cuff tears].

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to quantify the decrease in glenohumeral stability following a global rotator cuff tear and to evaluate the effect of a decreased glenoid inclination angle through analysis of muscle force vectors in a computer model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The lines of action of eight shoulder muscles were integrated into a standard geometric model. Muscle force magnitudes were estimated based on physiological cross-sectional area and normalized electromyographic activity. The magnitude and elevation angle of the resultant force vector was calculated at 0, 30, 60, and 90 degrees of abduction. A rotator cuff tear was simulated by reduction of the corresponding muscle force vectors. RESULTS: At 0 and 30 degrees of glenohumeral abduction a global rotator cuff tear showed a resultant force vector pointing outside the glenoid. In the computer model, decreasing the inclination angle of the glenoid by 30 degrees increased the stability in rotator cuff-deficient shoulders. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide a biomechanical rationale for clinical complications of global rotator cuff tear such as superior humeral head translation. The decreased glenoid inclination simulated in the computer model may represent a biomechanical basis for the development of new operative techniques to treat global rotator cuff tears.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2007

[The AO/ASIF Flexnail : A flexible intramedullary nail for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures].

BACKGROUND: The use of conventional implants for intramedullary nailing of humeral shaft fractures is associated with specific difficulties. During antegrade implantation structures of the rotator cuff can be affected leading to a reduced functional result of the shoulder. If the nail is implanted in a retrograde manner problems arise due to a relatively large hole close to or within the olecranon fossa, which is necessary for insertion of the nail. Supracondylar fractures as well as persistent elbow pain and loss of function are reported in the literature. To overcome these disadvantages a flexible nail has been developed that can be stiffened and locked after implantation. METHOD: Between October 2000 and February 2002, 34 patients were treated with the flexible nail at our institution; 29 were available for follow-up. Fracture healing was documented on radiographs and clinical outcome was evaluated with use of the Constant as well as the Kwasny score. RESULTS: Median duration until fracture consolidation was 10 weeks. In two patients fracture union was not achieved within the follow-up period. The median outcome measured with the Constant score was 93 points and 2.5 with the Kwasny score. Both values correspond to a very good functional outcome. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the flexible humeral nail is an excellent treatment option for humeral shaft fractures. Damage to the rotator cuff and the distal humerus can be avoided due to its unique flexible construction, improving the functional outcome of intramedullary nailing for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Results after microfracture of full-thickness chondral defects in different compartments in the knee.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the clinical results after microfracture of full-thickness cartilage lesions deteriorate over a period of 36 months. METHODS: Between 1999 and 2002 85 patients (mean age 39.5 years) with full-thickness cartilage lesions underwent the microfracture procedure and were evaluated preoperatively and 6, 18 and 36 months after surgery. Exclusion criteria were meniscal pathologies, axial malpositioning and ligament instabilities. Baseline clinical scores were compared with follow-up data by paired Wilcoxon-tests for the modified Cincinnati knee and the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS)-score. The effects of the lesion localization and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters were evaluated using the Pearson correlation and independent samples tests. RESULTS: Both scores revealed significant improvement 18 months after microfracture (P<0.0001). Within the second 18 months after surgery there was a significant deterioration in the ICRS-score (P<0.0001). The best results could be observed in chondral lesions of the femoral condyles. Defects in other areas of the knee deteriorated between 18 and 36 months after microfracture. MRI 36 months after surgery revealed best defect filling in lesions on the femoral condyles with significant difference in the other areas (P<0.02). The Pearson coefficient of correlation between defect filling and ICRS-score was 0.84 and significant at the 0.01 level. CONCLUSIONS: Microfracture is a minimal invasive method with good short-term results in the treatment of small cartilage defects. A deterioration of the results starts 18 months after surgery and is most evident in the ICRS-score. The best prognostic factors have young patients with defects on the femoral condyles.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Tibial diaphyseal fracture in sports - clinical outcome and sports ability after operative treatment].

Sports-related tibial diaphyseal fractures occur mainly in contact sports and in downhill skiing. Due to the demand for rapid healing and the need for an early recovery of the mostly young patients, surgery is almost imperative. The clinical outcome and sports ability of 38 patients with sports-related tibial diaphyseal fractures were investigated 29 months after the initial trauma. Soccer and wintersport accounted for the majority of injuries. Operative treatment has been mainly unreamed nailing. After an average of 10.3 months 32 patients (84 %) returned to sports. Almost one-third, however did change over to a less stressful sport. 6 patients discontinued their sports activity. The activity score of Tegner and Lysholm declined from 5.4 before the injury to 3.4 six months after surgery. At the time of the follow-up examination this rose to 4.6. The long-term result scored after Merchant and Dietz showed 87 % excellent and good results. For the majority of sports-related tibial diaphyseal fractures, unreamed nailing is the treatment of choice.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2001

[Postobstructive polyuria in unilateral hydronephrosis. A case with 58 l/day].

Increased urinary outputs are common after release of bilateral ureteral or subvesical obstruction. However, polyuria is rare following unilateral obstruction. We report a case of excessive postobstructive diuresis of more than 58,000 ml per day (204 l in 10 days) after release of a left ureteral obstruction in a 56-year-old female, being the highest amounts reported in the literature. Polyuria was derived from the obstructed as well as from the normal contralateral kidney. The involved pathomechanism is complex and not completely understood. Treatment includes careful monitoring of the patient and replacement of fluid and electrolytes. In our case complete recovery of kidney function was observed after several days.

Female↗
PubMed2000

[Change of surgical treatment in benign thyroid gland diseases-- influence of surgical management on perioperative complications].

Since the beginning of 1994 standardized primary radical resection was performed in benign thyroid diseases at the surgical department, Barmherzige Brueder Hospital, Graz. In multinodular euthyroid goiter bilateral lobectomy or near total lobectomy respectively was done. In case of Graves' disease unilateral lobectomy and contralateral near total resection or "en bloc" thyroidectomy was performed. In accordance with literature a significant reduction of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis from approximately 9% to 1.2% occurred in our patients if this surgical procedure was performed consequently. Hypocalcemia rate after surgery needing treatment was approximately 1% at the time of demission.

Goiter, Nodular↗
PubMed1997

[Sports medicine aspects of gymnastics].

926 injuries were collected and analyzed through a retrospective questionnaire survey among 289 competitive gymnasts. On the average a male/female athlete suffered 0.35/0.33 injuries per year. The greatest number of injuries occurred during floor exercise. Male gymnasts had a high average number (52%) of upper body injuries. The wrist was most often affected (15.4%). The females suffered more injuries in the lower body (52%). The ankle was the most frequently injured anatomical site (28.5%). A comparison between different level gymnasts shows that a more intensive training does not lead to different injuries. When comparing injuries to expose time fewer occurred in the group of high level gymnasts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Microparticulation of whey protein: related factors affecting the solubility.

Solubility of Simplesse 100, the only whey-based fat substitute, was found to be good, considering the fact that technology for preparation of Simplesse 100 is a sequence of thermal steps. To characterize this phenomen, gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100, Sephacryl S-1000 and SDS-PAGE were used, supported by high-speed separation, UV studies and analytical procedures. Results show that the unusual solubility characteristic of microparticulated whey protein is related to two molecular effects: (1) optimal defolding of protein molecules and (2) stabilization of the defolded status by carbohydrate. Both effects were considered to favour non-covalent bonds, which contribute to the outstanding physico-functional and nutritive properties of microparticles.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1987

[Bilateral complete cryptophthalmos].

A case of bilateral complete cryptophthalmos combined with other malformations is described. The clinical appearance, histology, and the results of computed tomography and electro-ophthalmological investigations are communicated.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

[Disintegration of kidney calculi by piezoelectrically generated high-energy sound waves. Physical principles and experimental studies].

The recently developed equipment for extracorporeal piezoelectric lithotripsy (EPL) represents an improvement concerning the shock-wave-induced disintegration of urinary calculi. While the usual spark gap transmitter needs a focusing reflector, the piezoelectric lithotriptor is based on a self-focusing spherical bowl transmitter. The stone is detected exclusively by ultrasound. For this purpose, an integrated sector scanner is used as well as the high-energy sound transmitter itself. With the piezoelectrically generated high-energy sound pulses we have succeeded in completely disintegrating implanted stones in the renal pelvis of dogs without injuring the morphology or function of the exposed kidneys.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Significance of early ophthalmologic detection of Fabry disease].

A case of cornea verticillata discovered by chance is reported; as a result of this finding, a mother and daughter were found to be heterozygous carriers of Fabry's disease. The ocular and internal symptoms as well as the biochemical analysis are discussed. Early ophthalmologic diagnosis is essential. The patient should be informed of the genetic risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Microsurgery in urology].

The use of microsurgical techniques offers operative perspectives also in urology. Microsurgery is indicated for reconstructive vascular surgery in the kidneys, in cases of erectile impotence, and in high maldescended testicles, for recanalisation of the vas deferens and in early childhood for plasty surgery of malformations of the upper urinary tract and such of the male genitals. Certain indications are presented under reference to own clinical experiences.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Diagnosis of kidney injuries].

The exact staging of kidney damages is actually possible with the anamnesis, clinical symptomatology and different diagnostic methods. According to a greater experience the importance of the digital subtractionangiography, the sonography and computertomography is increasing The urography as a basic examination cannot be replaced by other methods, whereas only with the angiography previous to the operation the exact morphology of ruptured intrarenal arteries and injuries of the renal stalk may be found.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

[Renal hypertension - a threatening complication of blunt kidney injuries].

The therapeutic management of renal trauma is mainly determined by the type and grade of kidney damage. However, imminent complications of renal trauma should already be considered during the primary therapy. The posttraumatic development of the arterial blood pressure was analysed in 153 kidney injuries by a retrospective study during a period of 17 years. Posttraumatic high blood pressure was found in 17 of 86 cases (19.7%) being managed by conservative therapy, and most of them had a grade I-renal trauma (classification according to Hodges). On the contrary, those with a primary operative therapy i.e. when the kidney could be saved or had to be removed, did not show high blood pressure. The high frequency of late complications after conservative treatment of renal trauma supports the necessity of a more active therapy even in slightly damaged kidney.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Gynecological laparoscopy. A 5-year retrospective study on laparoscopy at the Technical University of Munich].

In a retrospective study we evaluated the results of 598 laparoscopies which had been carried out in the years 1973 through 1977 at the Women's hospital of the Technical University in Munich. A considerable increase in pelviscopic tube sterilizations could be observed. Severe complications resulting in a laparotomy occurred in 0,5% of the cases. For laparoscopic operations the medical indication was restricted, whereas it was generously applied for the differential diagnosis of an ectopic gravidity. The sterilization techniques most frequently used at the moment are the bi-polar high-frequency technique and--to a smaller extent--the light-current coagulation technique. The uni-polar high-frequency technique can be regarded as obsolete. As far as a restoration of fertility is concerned, the individual application of the various sterilization methods can be expected for the future.

Adult↗