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Biomedical subjects

G Kranias

Publications and source records attributed to G Kranias.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Iris cyst simulating melanoma.

Congenital cysts of the iris stroma are extremely uncommon and only a few cases have been reported. The vast majority of reported cases have been found in infants or children as a unilateral, translucent mass in the middle or peripheral third of the iris. 1-3 Although these cysts may remain dormant for years, they have a tendency to enlarge, causing corneal decompensation, secondary glaucoma, and eye pain. 2 Occasionally, they have been mistaken for iris melanomas leading to enucleation. 4,5 We describe a 14-year-old girl with a congenital cyst of the iris stroma, which over a period of 8 years enlarged, became opaque resembling melanoma, and required surgical excision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Post-traumatic endophthalmitis involving Clostridium tetani and Bacillus spp.

PURPOSE: To report a case of post-traumatic infectious endophthalmitis caused by Clostridium tetani and Bacillus spp. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 25-year-old man developed endophthalmitis after a traumatic corneoscleral laceration of his right eye by a concrete reinforcement bar. He underwent pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy with aspiration of vitreous fluid and a conjunctival swab for cultures. Cultures from the conjunctival swab were negative for organisms. Cultures of the vitreous aspirate were positive for Bacillus species and C. tetani. He had received a tetanus toxoid booster at the emergency department. By the time the culture results became available, he had developed severe eye pain associated with marked orbital congestion, increased swelling and erythema of the lids, marked injection and chemosis of the conjunctiva, and subsequently underwent evisceration. The inflammation resolved after evisceration of the right eye, and he was discharged to home on doxycycline 100 mg orally two times daily for 10 days. CONCLUSION: We are unaware of previous reports of endophthalmitis involving C tetani and could find none in a computerized MEDLINE search. Patients with penetrating eye injury should be assessed for tetanus immunization status, and early intervention with tetanus toxoid booster and/or tetanus immune globulin should be considered if cultures are positive.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Is insulin lispro associated with the development or progression of diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy?

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine whether there is an association between the use of insulin lispro during pregnancy and the development or progression of diabetic retinopathy. STUDY DESIGN: This observational cohort study included women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (n = 12) who were enrolled in our diabetes mellitus in pregnancy program and were treated with insulin lispro during pregnancy. We compared these women with a historical cohort (n = 42) who were treated with regular insulin during pregnancy. All patients underwent ophthalmologic examinations before 24 weeks' gestation and post partum, and retinopathy was graded according to a previously defined scale. RESULTS: Whereas none of the patients in the insulin lispro group showed any change in retinopathy status, 6 patients in the regular insulin group (14%) demonstrated changes in retinopathy status. Mild background retinopathy (change from grade 0 to 1) developed in 3 of these patients, and extensive proliferative retinopathy developed in 1 patient after normal results of the baseline examination (change from grade 0 to 6). Two patients had progression of retinopathy--1 had progression from background retinopathy to mild proliferative retinopathy (change from grade 2 to 4) and 1 had progression from mild proliferative retinopathy to extensive proliferative retinopathy (change from grade 4 to 6). CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings provide no evidence that insulin lispro treatment during pregnancy is associated with the development or progression of diabetic retinopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Progression of diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy: association with hypertension in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that women with insulin-dependent diabetes and chronic or pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders are at increased risk for developing retinopathic complications during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred fifty-four women with insulin-dependent diabetes were prospectively followed in an intensive program of diabetes in pregnancy. Ophthalmologic evaluations were obtained through pregnancy and at 6 to 12 weeks post partum, and findings were graded by a standard scale. Association of retinopathic progression with risk factors was tested with chi 2 and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-one women had progression of retinopathy during pregnancy; postpartum regression was observed in 13 women. Changes in glycemic control early in pregnancy, chronic hypertension, and pregnancy-induced hypertension were significantly associated with progression of retinopathy. CONCLUSION: Women with insulin-dependent diabetes who have hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are at increased risk for progression of retinopathy.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1990

Ocular amyloidosis: clinical points learned from one case.

The etiology of bilateral vitreous opacification in a 72-year-old man was undiagnosed until after a second vitrectomy when the aspirate was tested with Congo red and found to stain for amyloid. Failure to recognize the significance of a mild peripheral neuropathy delayed the diagnosis. Visual acuity OU remained 20/40 for one year after completion of multiple ocular surgeries. Experience from this case suggests that amyloidosis should be considered in all patients with unexplained vitreous infiltration. A conjunctival biopsy may be helpful diagnostically, and removal of as much cortical and retrolental vitreous as is safe may reduce the incidence of reopacification.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Cataract wound neovascularization. An often overlooked cause of vitreous hemorrhage.

The cause of vitreous hemorrhage in aphakic eyes is sometimes difficult to ascertain, especially if fundus details are obscured. A vitreous hemorrhage secondary to corneoscleral wound neovascularization developed in nine eyes of eight patients 10 months to 17 years after intracapsular cataract surgery. Visualization of superior angle neovascularization, provocation of bleeding by rocking the gonioscopic contact lens, and documentation of vascular leakage by gonio-fluorescein angiography established the diagnosis. All affected eyes have remained hemorrhage-free after argon laser photocoagulation of the angle neovascularization. The clinician should be aware of cataract wound neovascularization, an apparently easy disorder to diagnose and treat, as a cause of vitreous hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Irreversible ocular toxicity from single "challenge" dose of deferoxamine.

Deferoxamine is a chelating agent used in the treatment of transfusional iron overload and more recently in the diagnosis and treatment of increased aluminum body stores in chronic renal failure patients. High dose chronic and short-term treatment has been associated with ocular toxicity. We present a case of irreversible visual loss that occurred with a single small "challenge" dose of deferoxamine.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1986

Possible intraocular lens contamination by surgical glove powder.

Contamination of the operative field by glove powders, even after washing and wiping, is a well-described entity. We present a case of presumed secondary intraocular lens contamination by surgical glove powder. This complication can be avoided by being sure that no intraocular surgical instruments or implants are directly handled by the fingers.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Vitreous hemorrhage secondary to presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome.

Hemorrhagic retinal pigment epithelium detachment caused by choroidal neovascular membrane progressed to massive vitreous hemorrhage in two patients with presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome. When the hemorrhage cleared, a diskiform mass became visible. In one patient, this was located near the midnasal periphery. In endemic areas of histoplasmosis, presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome should be considered as a possible cause of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1981

A case of syphilitic uveitis.

A 38-year-old man had anterior uveitis that failed to respond to increasingly aggressive therapy with topical and systemic corticosteroids and mydriatrics. His disease progressed to panuveitis and neuroretinitis and was finally cured with penicillin injections for acquired syphilis. He suffered secondary optic nerve atrophy. Because of the resurgence of the incidence of syphilis in the general population and the dire consequences for the patient in the absence of appropriate therapy, the ophthalmologist needs to consider the possibility of syphilis in his patients with uveitis. He should obtain serologic studies for syphilis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Amines in the subretinal fluid and aqueous.

We examined 49 samples of subretinal fluid and nine samples of aqueous from patients with retinal detachments. Seven amines (histamine, dopamine, methylamine, ethanolamine, dimethylamine, pyridoxamine, and piperidine) were positively identified and quantitated. The amines in the subretinal fluid were similar to those present in the aqueous. The presence of histamine in the subretinal fluid, observed only in fresh retinal detachment, suggested an inflammatory process, at least in the early stages of some cases of retinal detachment. This is consistent with the clinical observations that mild uveitis frequently accompanies a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMed1981

Resolution of night blindness in fundus albipunctatus.

Two sisters, aged 14 and 7 years, and their father had ophthalmoscopic and electrophysiologic findings consistent with fundus albipunctatus. Evaluation of family members revealed a history of severe juvenile night blindness which resolved by about age 20 in some affected individuals. This familial pattern is consistent with autosomal dominant fundus albipunctatus.

Adolescent↗