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Biomedical subjects

G L Foley

Publications and source records attributed to G L Foley.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Canine distemper epizootic in lions, tigers, and leopards in North America.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection occurred in captive leopards (Panthera pardus), tigers (Panthera tigris), lions (Panthera leo), and a jaguar (Panthera onca) in 1991 and 1992. An epizootic affected all 4 types of cats at the Wildlife Waystation, San Fernando, California, with 17 mortalities. CDV-infected raccoons were thought to be the source of infection in these cats. Two black leopards died at the Naibi Zoo, Coal Valley, Illinois, and 2 tigers died at the Shambala Preserve, Acton, California. Initial clinical signs were anorexia with gastrointestinal and/or respiratory disease followed by seizures. Canine distemper virus was isolated from 3 leopards, 3 tigers, and 3 lions that died or were euthanized when moribund. Monoclonal antibody testing identified the virus isolates as CDV. Gross and histopathologic findings were similar to those found in canids with distemper with a few exceptions. There were fewer lesions in the brain, and there was a pronounced type 2 cell proliferation in the lung, with inclusion bodies and CDV antigen demonstrated by immunohistology. Neutralizing antibody to CDV was found in high titers in serum from most animals but was absent or was found only in low titers in some cats that succumbed after CDV infection. There was a marked difference in neutralizing antibody titers when tests were done with different strains of CDV.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Endotoxemia in pregnant cows: Comparisons of maternal and fetal effects utilizing the chronically catheterized fetus.

We utilized the chronically catheterized bovine fetus to compare maternal and fetal responses to maternal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion. Our hypothesis was that LPS-induced abortion was primarily a maternal luteolytic event with minimal transplacental fetal exposure. Fetal tibial arteries, amniotic, allantoic cavities and maternal carotid arteries were catheterized. Three cows had patent catheters with viable fetuses (190 to 200 days of gestation) 1 week after operation and were included in the study. Following a 2-day maternal and fetal baseline, 0.5 mug Salmonella typhimurium LPS/kg was infused into a maternal jugular vein over a 2-hour period. Maternal and fetal responses were monitored clinically, biochemically and hormonally. The maternal response consisted of marked increases in plasma prostaglandin F(2alpha) metabolite (PGFM), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), ACTH and cortisol with a dramatic maternal leucopenia within 2 hours. Progesterone concentrations decreased within 7 hours (P<0.05). The LPS was rapidly cleared from maternal circulation and no transplacental exposure was detected in the fetuses. Fetal responses to maternal endotoxemia consisted of increased ACTH and cortisol concentrations with delayed increases in PGE(2); TNF did not change in fetal fluids following maternal endotoxemia. There was a fetal leucocytosis within 2 hours. The results indicate that the fetus does not appear to play a major role in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced abortions. However, the role of maternal TNF in endotoxin abortion requires further study.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Modification by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of cadmium induced lesions in the planarian model, Dugesia dorotocephala.

The appearance of abnormal growths on the planarian, Dugesia dorotocephala, in response to cadmium with and without pre-exposure to L-buthionine-R, S-sulfoximine (BSO) and concurrent exposure to the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Aroclor 1254, PCB 28, PCB 110 or PCB 126 is described. Pigmented rose thorn (PRT) lesions were non-invasive and appeared in response to PCBs. Post-head (PH) lesions developed in up to 100% of the animals within 6-20 days post-dosing, progressed rather rapidly and were highly invasive. Round tail tip (RTT) lesions appeared in lower frequencies within 10-30 days, but progressed extremely rapidly resulting in tail loss within 48 h. We have referred to these types of lesions as "tumors", but they are not necessarily characteristic of vertebrate neoplasms. PCBs interacted with cadmium in a complex way, in some cases increasing total lesions and decreasing time-to-lesion and in other cases having the opposite effects. A three-factor (PCB, PCB dose, Cd dose) nested analysis of variance model was used to determine lesion rates in order to compare PCB potencies as potentiators or antagonists. The Aroclor mixture was always the least potent co-toxicant but appeared to be the most potent antagonist; the coplanar PCB 126 was the most potent co-toxicant. The complex response surfaces and the lack of stoichiometry in dose-response relationships indicate that multiple mechanisms are responsible for PH and RTT lesions in planarians. These results emphasize the complexity of PCB toxicities and suggest further studies to validate the planarian model as a screen for combinations or environmental mixtures which may have altered biological potency in other species.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Congenital and acquired melanocytomas (benign melanomas) in eighteen young horses.

In a retrospective study, cutaneous melanocytic tumors from 18 horses, less than 2 years old, were examined histopathologically and clinical follow-up requested. Melanocytomas (benign melanomas) occurred in a variety of breeds and in horses of varied coat color. The age of the horses at the time of biopsy ranged from 3 weeks old to 2 years old. Four melanocytomas were congenital, 11 melanocytomas were acquired by 1 year of age, and three were acquired prior to 2 years of age. Of the 18 horses, five were male, and 13 were female. All tumors were solitary and located on the legs or trunk; none were in the perineal region. Ulceration of the overlying epidermis was common. Tumors were generally localized and were not encapsulated. The tumors had a variety of cell patterns ranging from sheets, to streams, or nests of melanocytes. Cellular morphologic findings also ranged from epithelioid, to a mixture of epithelioid and spindle cells or to a spindle pattern. The nuclei were large and euchromatic, especially in the epithelioid cells. Several tumors had moderate cellular pleomorphism and binucleate cells. Mitotic activity was generally low (less than 1/high-powered field), but was readily detected (1-2/high-powered field) in bleached sections of four cases. Melanin pigmentation varied from mild to heavy. Melanophages were admixed with the tumor cells or in the adjacent tissue. Follow-up information was obtained on 15/18 horses and revealed that 14/15 horses were free of recurrence following excision. One neoplasm, that was poorly demarcated and had a spindle cell pattern, was not completely resected and continued to grow. These melanocytic tumors in young horses are distinct from melanomas in aged horses in their location, epithelial involvement, and age of horses affected. The majority of these tumors appear to be benign and share features of melanocytic nevi of human beings.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Besnoitiosis of the reproductive tract of a Blue Duiker (Cephalophus monticola).

A mature male Blue Duiker that had been born in the United States was submitted for necropsy examination following a brief illness. On histologic examination of the reproductive tract several Besnoitia cysts were found in the epididymis, prostate and bulbourethral gland. The lack of an inflammatory response or any negative effect on fertility, based on histologic evaluation and breeding history, is in contrast with the severe orchitis, epididymitis and infertility of besnoitiosis in cattle. This is the first report of an autochthonous infection of Besnoitia in the United States as well as the first report of besnoitiosis in a Blue Duiker.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Intrathoracic granular cell tumour in a dog.

Multiple granular cell tumours occurred diffusely throughout the pleura of an adult German Shepherd Dog. The growths were scattered over the surface of the lungs, mediastinum and diaphragm. Histologically, the masses consisted of plump cords of cells with eosinophilic, weakly PAS-positive cytoplasmic granules. Electron microscopically, the granules consisted of a pleomorphic population of electron-dense granules. The predilection site in the dog is the tongue and this is the first report of an intrathoracic, pleural site of granular cell tumours in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Candida abortion in cattle.

In a retrospective study, four cases of yeast-associated abortion were found among 1,323 bovine abortions during a 5-year period at the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine. Tissues were examined histologically, and results of virological testing and microbiological culture were reviewed. Candida parapsilosis was the only pathogenic agent demonstrated in these four cases. Placental lesions consisted of necrotizing placentitis with large numbers of yeasts within trophoblasts. Secondary fetal infection occurred in all four cases, with histological lesions or isolation of Candida from the lung, liver, intestines, abomasum, and heart. A tentative diagnosis of Candida parapsilosis-induced abortion in cattle can be made on the characteristic intracytoplasmic yeasts in placental trophoblasts.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1987

Eurytrema procyonis in a New York fox.

A fox infected with canine distemper virus had multiple Eurytrema procyonis trematodes within the major pancreatic duct. The ductal epithelium was slightly hyperplastic and there was mild periductal fibrosis present. There was dilatation of the pancreatic duct containing the parasites. Numerous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions were present in the epithelium of multiple organs, including the pancreatic ducts.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Overview of male reproductive pathology.

An understanding of form and function is important for examination of the male reproductive tract. A basic understanding of spermatogenesis and hormonal function in the reproductive tract is essential for the pathologists in this evaluation. Gross and histologic reproductive changes need to be distinguished from normal variation and correlated with the reproductive status of the animal. This is especially important when correlating histologic changes with organ weight and other reproductive parameters, such as seminal analysis data. Sexual maturity of animals and tissue handing can impact interpretation. Sexual immaturity of preclinical safety animals can present challenges for accurate identification of compound-related changes. Likewise, proper handling of unfixed reproductive tissues and appropriate selection of a fixation protocol are important in avoiding artifacts that may interfere with the microscopic evaluation. The histopathology technician needs to recognize testicular landmarks that allow for correct orientation at trimming so the pathologist can assess not only the morphology of seminiferous tubules but also the outflow tract. For the most effective evaluation of the male reproductive tract, the testes and epididymides should be examined concurrently. Although the term "staging" is often used inappropriately, the pathologist should review testicular tissues in a "stage-aware" manner. This article reviews gross and histologic changes of the male reproductive tract as well as tissue orientation and fixation to assist in accurate interpretation of potential treatment-related changes in male reproduction.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intratubular spermatic granulomas of the canine efferent ductules.

Spermatic granulomas are inflammatory lesions that occur in the efferent ductule and epididymis of humans, goats, rats, and bulls. Three clinically normal dogs from a control group had histologic lesions of the initial segment of the caput epididymis consisting of intratubular spermatic granulomas. The granulomas were located within the efferent ductules, and the inflammatory response consisted primarily of aggregates of spermiophagic macrophages in the ductules. Sperm stasis of the affected ductules was evident by the dilation and accumulation of large numbers of spermatozoa in adjacent cross-sections of efferent ductules. Blind-ending efferent ductules were demonstrated by serially sectioning the initial segment of the epididymis. The intratubular granulomas did not completely occlude the outflow tract because spermatozoa were present in the cauda epididymis. While spermatic granulomas can be induced by trauma, infection, or toxins, spontaneous granulomas due to blind-ending ductules should be considered as a differential. Clinical history, location of the granuloma, and serial sectioning can help determine the most likely etiology in early cases.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mesenchymal changes associated with retinoic acid induced cleft palate in CD-1 mice.

Retinoic acid (RA) is teratogenic in many species and is an effective inducer of cleft palate in mice. The pathogenesis of cleft formation varies with the timing of exposure. It has been demonstrated, before formation of the palatal shelves, that RA exposure results in insufficient mesenchymal tissue, and palatal shelves fail to make contact. However, at the palatal shelf outgrowth stage, RA exposure affects shelf elevation and growth in rats, and possibly medial edge epithelium (MEE) differentiation in mice. The objective of this study was to examine the morphologic and functional changes associated with cleft formation in mice following exposure during shelf outgrowth. Particular emphasis was placed on evaluating the timing of palatal shelf elevation in RA exposed embryos and on identifying differentiation events occurring concurrently in the epithelium. On gestational day (GD) 12 (8:00 AM), gravid CD-1 mice were gavaged with 70 mg/kg RA or vehicle. This protocol produced a 100% incidence of cleft palate at term, allowing us to correlate the morphological and/or biochemical changes observed at pre-fusion time points. Embryos were collected at 12 hr intervals through GD 15, beginning 4 hr after exposure. Serial sections of embryos were either stained with H&E, with a battery of lectins [Sambucus nigra (SNA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA-1), Glycine max (SBA), Succinylated Wheat Germ (S-WGA)], or with a probe to hyaluronan. Throughout the period of normal palate development, the shelf mesenchyme showed increasing regional organization and progressive hydration and these changes were correlated with increase Hyaluronan (HA) deposition. RA treatment resulted in lose of regional organization and delayed mesenchyme hydration. In association with these changes there were reductions in HA deposition and extracellular matrix glycoconjugates recognized by PNA in the palate mesenchyme. Further there was a considerable delay in palatal shelf elevation and palate shelf did not make contact at the midline. Our data indicates, in embryos exposed on GD 12 to levels of RA sufficient to induce a 100% incidence of clefting, that cleft formation is a result of palatal shelves failing to make contact. Alterations in mesenchyme development and the subsequent delay in palate shelve elevation are central to RA-induced cleft formation following exposure at the palate shelf out growth stage.

Animals↗