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Biomedical subjects

G L Hartman

Publications and source records attributed to G L Hartman.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Variability and transmission by Aphis glycines of North American and Asian Soybean mosaic virus isolates.

The variability of North American and Asian strains and isolates of Soybean mosaic virus was investigated. First, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products representing the coat protein (CP)-coding regions of 38 SMVs were analyzed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). Second, the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence variability of the P1-coding region of 18 SMVs and the helper component/protease (HC/Pro) and CP-coding regions of 25 SMVs were assessed. The CP nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences were the most similar and predicted phylogenetic relationships similar to those obtained from RFLP analysis. Neither RFLP nor sequence analyses of the CP-coding regions grouped the SMVs by geographical origin. The P1 and HC/Pro sequences were more variable and separated the North American and Asian SMV isolates into two groups similar to previously reported differences in pathogenic diversity of the two sets of SMV isolates. The P1 region was the most informative of the three regions analyzed. To assess the biological relevance of the sequence differences in the HC/Pro and CP coding regions, the transmissibility of 14 SMV isolates by Aphis glycines was tested. All field isolates of SMV were transmitted efficiently by A. glycines, but the laboratory isolates analyzed were transmitted poorly. The amino acid sequences from most, but not all, of the poorly transmitted isolates contained mutations in the aphid transmission-associated DAG and/or KLSC amino acid sequence motifs of CP and HC/Pro, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Identification and map location of TTR1, a single locus in Arabidopsis thaliana that confers tolerance to tobacco ringspot nepovirus.

The interaction between Arabidopsis and the nepovirus tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) was characterized. Of 97 Arabidopsis lines tested, all were susceptible when inoculated with TRSV grape strain. Even though there was systemic spread of the virs, there was a large degree of variation in symptoms as the most sensitive lines died 10 days after inoculation, while the most tolerant lines either were symptomless or developed only mild symptoms. Four lines were selected for further study based on their differential reactions to TRSV. Infected plants of line Col-0 and Col-0 gl1 flowered and produced seeds like noninfected plants, while those of lines Estland and H55 died before producing seeds. Symptoms appeared on sensitive plants approximately 5 to 6 days after inoculation. Serological studies indicated that in mechanically inoculated seedlings, the virus, as measured by coat protein accumulation, developed at essentially the same rates and to the same levels in each of the four lines, demonstrating that differences in symptom development were not due to a suppression of virus accumulation. Two additional TRSV strains gave similar results when inoculated on the four lines. Genetic studies with these four Arabidopsis lines revealed segregation of a single incompletely dominant locus controlling tolerance to TRSV grape strain. We have designated this locus TTR1. By using SSLP and CAPS markers, TTR1 was mapped to chromosome V near the nga129 marker. Seed transmission frequency of TRSV for Col-0 and Col-0 gl1 was over 95% and their progeny from crosses all had seed transmission frequencies of over 83%, which made it possible to evaluate the segregation of TTR1 in F2 progeny from infected F1 plants without inoculating F2 plants. Seed transmission of TRSV will be further exploited to streamline selection of individuals for fine mapping the TTR1 gene. The identification of tolerant and sensitive interactions between TRSV and A. thaliana lines provides a model system for genetic and molecular analysis of plant tolerance to virus infection.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed1994

Attorney attitudes regarding behaviors associated with child sexual abuse.

There appears to be a good deal of disagreement between professionals as to what constitutes child abuse. Attorneys as a group have been found to judge behaviors associated with child abuse more leniently than other abuse professionals. However, no one has discriminated between defense and prosecuting attorneys in these areas. It was hypothesized that because of divergent roles in child sexual abuse cases attitudes toward adult-child behaviors associated with sexual abuse would differ among attorney groups. Two prosecuting and two defense attorneys from every county in the state of Indiana were sent questionnaires. Participants were asked to indicate if a behavior was acceptable, inappropriate, or sexual abuse if it occurred on one or on multiple occasions. Prosecutors had more severe judgements than the defense attorneys on 32 of the 42 behaviors. They were more likely to indicate that a behavior was inappropriate or abuse. Cognitive dissonance theory is proposed as a possible explanation for these findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Emotional indicators in human figure drawings of sexually victimized and nonabused children.

A study was conducted to compare the presence of Koppitz' Emotional Indicators (EIs) and EI Categories in human figures drawn (HFDs) by alleged sexual abuse victims (ASA Vs) and nonabused children. We collected drawings from 65 ASA Vs and 64 comparison (presumably nonabused) subjects. No statistically significant differences in the presence of individual EIs were observed. Alleged sexual abuse victims tended to draw some indicators more often: "legs pressed together," "big hands," and "genitals." It also was observed that more "normal" children than expected drew some indicators, which suggests the possible need for revision of the definition of some indicators, specifically "omission of body." The ASA Vs more often scored an EI from the anxiety category (p = .05) than did comparison children. No significant differences in other categories were demonstrated. It was concluded that drawings from ASA Vs demonstrated anxiety more often than did drawings from comparison children, while specific indicators did not differ between groups.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavioral problems in alleged sexual abuse victims.

This study was conducted to compare the parental assessments of problem behaviors, using the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist, among alleged sexual abuse victims (n = 81) and an age, race, and gender matched group of nonabused comparison subjects (n = 90). Alleged sexual abuse victims demonstrated significantly higher mean total behavior problem, internalizing and externalizing scores than the comparison sample. Subscale profiles were all in the direction consistent with withdrawal, impairment in social interaction, and sexual problems. Item comparison indicated that sexual abuse victims were more likely to be assessed as having some problem behaviors that have been reported as being indicative of sexual abuse. A significant difference was not obtained on several behaviors that have been previously reported as indicative of sexual abuse. These findings support concerns that sexual abuse victims do exhibit more problem behaviors, but caution must be exercised when interpreting individual behaviors because of their frequency in a nonabused sample.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Components of child and parent interviews in cases of alleged sexual abuse.

Considerable discussion in child sexual abuse evaluation centers around minimizing the number of victim interviews, however, the completeness of one professional's interview is not always addressed. In this study, professionals (medical, social, law enforcement/legal, mental health) indicated what components they included in their interviews of sexual abuse victims and their parents. Components included: details of abuse, family relationships, school situation/performance, child's development (toilet training, bed wetting, language development, etc.), child's knowledge of body part names, child's knowledge of body part functions, child-rearing practices (bathing, sleeping), medical history (illnesses, surgery), behavior problems, psychological symptoms (nightmares, sadness), physical complaints (pain, discharge), parental teaching about sex, and child's access to sexually explicit television or magazines. Interview components varied by profession, consistent with expected professional bias. This study demonstrates some professional bias in interviewing children and parents and suggests that having a single interview or interviewer may not always be optimal for a thorough evaluation. Increased communication and teamwork among professionals, and cross-training among disciplines could facilitate both the recognition of appropriateness of some "multiple interviews" as well as provide efforts to consolidate interviews when possible.

Adult↗