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Biomedical subjects

G L Hoff

Publications and source records attributed to G L Hoff.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Bats, cats, and rabies in an urban community.

Bats are the primary vectors of rabies in humans in the United States. In the urban environment they generally are found within buildings where they may bite people or be attacked by cats or dogs. Given the high probability that any bat that bites a person may be rabid, antirabies prophylaxis should be administered as soon as possible after the incident. This should not be delayed pending laboratory results on the bat. Children should be taught to avoid contact with moribund bats. Cats are more likely to be involved with rabid bats than dogs, but they are less likely to be vaccinated against rabies. The occasional rabid cat in an urban community may have acquired its infection from a bat. Therefore, it is vital that communities enforce rabies vaccination for cats as well as dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence surveys.

The seroprevalence surveys being conducted in the Kansas City area have to date tested 15,778 persons and resulted in 85 seropositive HIV tests. The sexually transmitted disease (STD) surveys and women's surveys fall in the lowest quartile of the combined national surveys. The drug treatment (IVDU) survey data were comparable to the median national seroprevalence of 3.8%. Seroprevalence rates in the STD surveys were 41 times that of women's surveys, and the IVDU surveys were 104 times that of the women's surveys. Based on three years of data from clinics with stable populations presenting for treatment, no trends in the demographics of those being found seropositive were identified to be statistically significant. This lack of trends has been presented as the normal findings of surveys nationally. The data does not show an acceleration of new infections based on seropositives being identified in the survey sites.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMed1991

Voluntary human immunodeficiency virus testing: acceptance levels and identification of seropositive individuals.

Of 4340 clients of a clinic for those with sexually transmitted diseases who were eligible for voluntary, confidential, serologic testing for the human immunodeficiency virus, 4246 (97.8%) consented to testing; 23 (0.5%) were seropositive. Of 94 persons who declined voluntary testing but who were tested in a blinded study, nine (9.6%) were seropositive. Seropositive persons who declined voluntary testing did not conceal their association with a risk group, while only 61% of seropositive individuals who accepted voluntary testing admitted to inclusion in a risk group before the test. Voluntary testing appears to be insufficient, because 28% of the seropositive individuals were not identified as being seropositive; also, there was a significant deficiency associated with identification of risk at pretest counseling among persons agreeing to voluntary testing.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1991

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sero-prevalence in sexually transmitted disease clinic populations.

Two HIV sero-prevalence surveys conducted during 1989 in public sexually transmitted disease clinics in the Kansas City SMSA tested 1,561 males and 1.043 females. There were 23 sero-positive males; no sero-positive females. The rate for males using the Missouri clinic was nearly triple that of males using the Kansas clinic. Among males the sero-prevalence rate for white males was 8.4 times that for black males. Of the 14 HIV sero-positive males for whom risk factor information was available, 12 were gay or bisexual and two were heterosexual intravenous drug users.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Foodborne streptococcal pharyngitis Kansas City, Missouri.

A foodborne outbreak of streptococcal pharyngitis occurred in association with a meeting of regional blood banking personnel held at a hotel in Kansas City, Missouri, on May 31-June 1, 1984. The incriminated meal was a salad buffet luncheon served on May 31. Of 106 persons identified as eating the luncheon, 60 (56.6 per cent) became ill. The most probable source of infection was an assortment of mousse desserts (p = 0.0532).

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1984

Fibromuscular hyperplasia of the brachial artery--failure of calcium antagonist therapy.

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) of the arteries of the extremities has been reported few times in the literature. The clinical significance of FMD relates to the consequences of interruption of arterial blood to the tissues. We report here the second case of FMD of the brachial artery and discuss the failure of the calcium channel blocker, nifedipine, in the therapy of this disorder. A review of the pertinent literature is included.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Persistence of rabies antibody in free-ranging raccoons.

The immune status of a wildlife population to rabies virus probably influences the occurrences of epizootics among that species in a given geographical area. This is not to say that enzootic transmission of the virus will not occur, but rather that attainment of epizootic levels may be hampered through herd immunity. After an epizootic of rabies in a raccoon population in the Fall of 1970, a serologic surveillance program was initiated from November 1970 through August 1974. The surveillance provided the opportunity to determine the persistence of antibody in individual animals as well as to compare the sensitivity of intracerebral mouse inoculation and the RFFIT. The average point prevalence of neutralizing antibody was 20.9% (range, 15.5% [1970] to 25.0% [1974]). Fifty-one (18%) of the 476 raccoons monitored during the study period were trapped more than once. The testing of sequential serum samples from individual seropositive raccoons indicated that serum neutralizing antibody can persist for at least 37 months. It cannot be stated with certainty that these antibody titers resulted from a single exposure to rabies virus and were not boosted by further experience with the virus. Serial serology tests on three young raccoons (less than 15, 30, and 52 weeks of age) suggest that endemic rabies virus was circulating in or near the study area between June 1972 and February 1974. Thirty-six raccoons trapped in November 1970 were shipped to the Centers for Disease Control, Lawrenceville, Ga, where they were held in captivity for observations and serologic monitoring.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗