The pediatrician as therapist I: psychoanalytic psychotherapy.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G L Lipton.
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Following the introduction of the Freedom of Information Code and Act in Victoria there have been numerous requests seeking the opportunity for patients and ex-patients to view their own records. This paper explores the clinical context within which patients traditionally have had, or not had, access to their own records, and the ways in which this is now altered by freedom of information legislation. The view is put forward that such disclosure in the past has always been within a clinical context whereas now there is potential for legislative intrusion into the psychiatrist/patient relationship of which the patient record is a part. A number of case examples is provided to exemplify the issues involved and the approach that the Victorian Health Commission has taken to resolve some of the difficulties.
The results of a study investigating the relationship of psychiatric and cognitive disorder with strabismus and its treatment in primary school aged children are reported. Results suggest that children with strabismus have a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorder, particularly an emotional disorder or psychosis. Subjects also had an increased risk of having educational problems and of exhibiting difficulties with tasks involving visual perception. Variables related to the nature and treatment of the strabismus did not appear influential in the development of the psychiatric disorder. Family disruption was significantly associated with both the presence of strabismus and emotional and behavioural problems in the children reported by parents and teachers.
A brief reference to history suggests that there is a recurrent alternation of providing service to the indigent disturbed through asylum, general hospital and community. Despite modern knowledge about mental health, public attitudes remain seriously prejudiced against this group of mentally ill, and political decisions reflect these attitudes. Many developments for the emotionally disturbed deny the needs of the most disturbed. This paper considers the alienation of the severely mentally ill, the fear about the mentally ill, the guilt about their care, community education about the mentally ill, the development of advocacy on their own behalf by the mentally ill, and therapeutic advances in their care. The paper, although pessimistic about the future, concludes with the hope that the combination of modern humanism, modern communication technology and therapeutic advances may lead to an improvement in the lives of 'hard core' chronically ill psychiatric patients.
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The experiences of a consultant pediatrician attempting to introduce into his practice an additional mode of treatment that he wished to offer to some of his patients, namely psychoanalytical psychotherapy, is described. Having previously operated successfully as an analytic psychotherapist with patients referred to him by a child psychiatrist, he attempted to function formally as an analytic psychotherapist with selected patients from his own pediatric practice. However, this significant change of role was not accepted by the children and their parents. Reasons are looked for to explain this finding, the significance of which may be of importance to pediatric practice in general and may have wider implications in the whole area of the doctor/patient relationship.
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In conclusion then, I believe that community psychiatry has been, and is, an important reality which has brought new knowledge and techniques to our profession and which, no matter how one can criticise many of its methods and overly radical ideas, has had its most major effect of psychiatry by just being. It has fulfilled the historical role of all important new movements to provoke a re-evaluation and enrichment of the profession. In essence it is a movement or phase which has made a virtue out of developing a style of service which was required and politically attractive and has exploited that virtue to the full. I believe that the myth will fade as myths tend to do but that there has been a hard core of real contribution to the practice of psychiatry which will persist as an integral part of our field.
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