Quality in occupational health services.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G L Looney.
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The computer-instigated development of graphic depictions showing rationales and decisions required in the care of patients has allowed clinicians to standardize science in the art of clinical medicine. Such condensation of medical judgment and information into algorithms is particularly important for emergency medicine. This paper describes the background and development of such algorithms in a research setting, and suggests modes for adaptation to clinical settings.
Emergency department records and patient charts do not provide enough or sufficiently detailed data for audit of quality of care in a high volume emergency department. As a solution, at the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, three emergency medical technicians--hospital-based paramedics--were trained as observers of patient process and treatment. In addition to basic identification information, the form completed by observers listed 21 procedural steps and process data such as sequence, time for completion, type of personnel performing, necessary equipment and supplies, and space for comments. Direct observation of patient process was carried out in 442 patients, a total of 3,882 procedures was observed and recorded. The direct observation is perhaps the most accurate method of data collection for auditing purposes because it reflects actual events. This data was used by the Research Peer Review Committee to help rate the quality of patient treatment process.
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A quality care evaluation system was designed to serve as a framework for on-going research in the area of quality assurance in emergency medicine. It included a set of basic evaluation tools, such as direct observation of patient care, record review and analysis, and patient follow-up interview for outcome. These tools are used in an attempt to quantify relationships between quality care and patient outcome.
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In a complementary clinical and biochemical study of patients with globoid leukodystrophy (GLD), cases differed from the classic phenotype of Krabbe disease and suggested a broader spectrum of clinical presentations. In terms of pathogenesis, the advanced development achieved before symptom onset suggested normal early maturation and myelination. Enzyme studies were carried out on white blood cells from the patients, their siblings, parents, and normal agematched controls. These studies utilized galactosyl ceramide of brain origin and a new assay technique. We found a specific deficit in cerebrosidase activity in leukocyte preparations from patients with GLD and intermediate levels of activity in their parents. These findings confirm prior reports and indicate an autosomal recessive mode of genetic expression.
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