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Biomedical subjects

G L Martin

Publications and source records attributed to G L Martin.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

A recruitment-of-praise package to increase productivity levels of developmentally handicapped workers.

This research examined the effectiveness of a recruitment package to increase production rates of three developmentally handicapped adults in a sheltered workshop. A baseline phase measured production rates of a paper-folding task under "typical" supervisory conditions. The recruitment package, introduced in a multiple-baseline design across subjects, involved goal setting by the experimenter, and self-monitoring, recruitment of praise, and self-delivery of a "happy face" by the worker. The recruitment package increased the production rates for two subjects, but decreased production rates for the third subject. Social validity data indicated that all subjects preferred the recruitment package, and staff continued to employ the recruitment package for two subjects when the formal research was terminated.

Achievement↗
PubMed1989

Self-management with picture prompts to improve quality of household cleaning by severely mentally handicapped persons.

A strategy was devised for measuring quality of household cleaning by four severely mentally handicapped adults living in a community residence. Two interventions were then compared for improving quality of cleaning. One intervention was a staff-managed graduated prompting system. The other intervention was a self-management package (SMP) made up of sequential picture cues, self-monitoring, feedback on performance after task completion, and public posting of results. Although the prompting system produced moderate improvements in three of the subjects (mean increase of 10%), the SMP was much more effective, producing large gains in three of four subjects (mean increase of 32% over prompting and 42% over baseline), resulting in acceptable levels of performance. Generalization to a no-treatment control task was quite limited. Follow-up indicated maintenance of improved performance over a 12-week interval with three of the four subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Self-monitoring and self-managed reinforcement procedures for improving work productivity of developmentally disabled workers. A review.

This article reviews research that examined self-monitoring and/or self-managed reinforcement procedures for improving and maintaining work productivity of developmentally disabled workers. Seventeen articles were encountered that examined self-monitoring and/or self-administration of reinforcers for productivity. In total, 107 developmentally disabled persons experienced self-management procedures, with diagnoses varying from profoundly to mildly retarded. In most of the studies, work productivity improved during intervention conditions. However, in almost all cases, procedural limitations prevent us from confidently attributing improvements in productivity to the self-management components of the interventions. Moreover, because of practical limitations, we cannot yet offer self-management procedures as a viable strategy to maintain work rates of developmentally disabled workers at acceptable levels throughout typical working days. Additional research is needed that goes beyond the procedural and practical limitations of previous studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Expanded assessment for discrimination learning with mentally retarded persons: a practical strategy for research and training.

Practical and reliable instruments to assess basic discriminations by severely and profoundly retarded persons are almost nonexistent. Research findings were reviewed on an assessment instrument, the AVC Discrimination Test, which can be administered in approximately 30 minutes to assess basic position, visual, and auditory discriminations. This test can be used with severely and profoundly mentally retarded persons and is reliable and predictive of client performance in classroom learning, language, and vocational tasks. The advantages of expanding current baseline assessment practices to include the AVC Discrimination Test in research and training programs for persons with mental retardation were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Self-management "additives" for improving work productivity of mentally retarded workers in sheltered workshops.

This study compared the effects of "typical" staff supervision to "typical" staff supervision plus one of two self-management strategies for improving work productivity of eight mentally retarded workers in a sheltered workshop. The first self-management strategy consisted of self monitoring plus one minute goal setting at the beginning of each half-day of work plus one minute of back-up social contigencies at the end of each half-day of work. The second self-management strategy was the same as that described above, plus a monetary bonus system for productivity. Procedural reliabilities were obtained on the components of the "typical" staff supervisory strategy and the self-management strategies. Both self-management strategies produced an increase in worker productivity, and there was little to recommend one over the other. Some limitations of existing research on self-management procedures for improving productivity of mentally retarded workers were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Applying the theory of reasoned action to early adolescent tobacco chewing.

Beliefs and social norms elicited from adolescents were employed in the theory of reasoned action to predict early adolescent males' intention to chew tobacco. About 50% of males had chewed tobacco. Responses of chewing intenders and nonintenders differed in response direction and in response strength. Response differences regarding physical effects (cancer, yellow teeth, habit forming) as well as psychosocial effects (look cool, relax, have a good time with friends) suggested specific educational strategies. Intenders and nonintenders both reported not believing chewing causes cancer, an erroneous belief. Nonintenders reported belief carry over from smoking: chewing will "make my clothes smelly" and chewing will "give me shortness of breath," both unfounded. Nonintenders reported less referent support for chewing. Both groups reported a general unwillingness to comply with their significant others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Late onset reactions in humans: correlation between skin and bronchial reactivity.

We carried out sequential measurements of the intensity of simultaneously occurring late onset skin and bronchial reactivity in seven atopic subjects following skin and inhalation challenge with pollen antigen. All subjects demonstrated dual bronchial and cutaneous reactions. Although the intensity of the late onset bronchial responses correlated temporally and quantitatively with the degree of increase in serum neutrophil chemotactic activity, the intensity of the late onset skin responses correlated with the level of specific antigen-IgE in the serum. This suggests that even in the same subjects, different factors govern the intensity of late onset skin and bronchial responses.

Bronchial Provocation Tests↗