[The role of enzymuria in evaluation of the nephrotoxicity of antineoplastic chemotherapy in children].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G L Mentkevich.
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The treatment of nephroblastomas which accounts for 72% of all malignant neoplasms in children is one of the topical problems of pediatric oncology. To detect the tumor at early stages of a tumorous process is one of the main conditions of successful treatment for nephroblastomas. The histological types of nephroblastoma, its international classifications and present-day treatment policy are given. A role of radiation treatment is shown at pre- and postoperative therapeutical stages. Drugs, their combinations, and the efficiency of polychemotherapy regimens in use are outlined. The importance of comprehensive examination of the patient to determine the extent of malignancy and to choose adequate antitumor treatment regimens is emphasized.
ICO - 10 (Thy-1 antigen) and K 20 (gp 120/200) monoclonal antibodies proved suitable for immunophenotyping solid tumors. The following typical antigen combinations were identified with regard to reaction with those antibodies: ICO - 10+ K 20- (neuroblastoma, malignant schwannoma, neurosarcoma and soft tissue sarcomas); K 20+ ICO - 10- (cancer of the tongue and esophagus, adenoma of the adrenal cortex, adenocarcinoma of the stomach, hepatoblastoma and nephroblastoma); ICO - 10+ K 20+ (immature teratoma and cervical and esophageal leiomyoma) and ICO - 10+ K 20- (malignant fibrous histiocytoma).
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The capacity of the peripheral blood mononuclears to produce leukocyte (alpha) and immune (gamma) interferons as well as interferon concentrations in the serum were studied in 101 children suffering from lymphosarcoma. In the blood serum of the patients interferon titres did not exceed 4 units/ml. The lowered capacity of the peripheral blood mononuclears to produce one of the interferon species in titres below 32 units/ml is a bad prognostic factor. The syndrome of interferon deficiency in children suffering from lymphosarcoma is observed in one per 5 cases.
The content of interferon in plasma and interferon reaction of leukocytes (IRL) were studied in 28 children with initial stages of diabetes mellitus. IRL in these children was found to be the same as in controls. Some kinds of insulin: zink-insulin, protamine-zink-insulin, insulin-protamine as well as vincristin were capable of reducing in vitro the interferon-producing activity of leukocytes 3--6 fold. The content of interferon in plasma was determined in 22 children: in 20 of them the concentration of interferon was below 10 units/ml, in 2 was 10 units/ml.