Mapping cloned sequences on YACs.
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Arabidopsis↗
Biomedical subjects
G Lagos
Publications and source records attributed to G Lagos.
Mapping expressed sequence tag sites on yeast artificial chromosome clones of Arabidopsis thaliana DNA.
We describe a method for efficient parallel mapping of expressed sequence tag (EST) sites onto yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones. The strategy involves an initial YAC clone pooling scheme that minimizes the number of required PCR amplifications. This is followed by parallel analysis of PCR amplicons of EST sequences. Using this method, we have screened 600 EST sites in combinatorial pools of 3449 YAC clones that contain Arabidopsis thaliana DNA inserts. The presence of these genes on YACs was detected by amplifying EST sequences with PCR and analyzing the reaction products by agarose gel electrophoresis. Of the 600 ESTs, 271 were found to map to individual YACs. Software tools are presented that allow for the automated analysis of this electrophoresis data. Suggestions for the scale-up of this method to map large genomes are discussed.
Arabidopsis↗
Prevention and treatment of traveler's diarrhea.
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Developing Countries↗
The spectrum of neurological involvement in Sjögren's syndrome.
Sixty-three unselected consecutive patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSs) were prospectively evaluated for evidence of neurological manifestations. Seventeen had a mild sensory or mixed neuropathy. Two of these plus one more patient had trigeminal neuropathy. One had pure motor neuropathy, whereas another eight had latent motor neuropathy. None volunteered neurological complaints. Two more patients had symptomatic unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. Severe mononeuritis multiplex and symptomatic symmetrical distal neuropathy were seen in two patients with vasculitis. One patient, with a history of hypertension and no subjective sicca complaints, had a mild cerebrovascular accident and objective evidence of changes compatible with pSs. The study suggests that peripheral neurological involvement is relatively common and benign in the majority of pSs individuals, whereas central nervous system (CNS) disease must be rare.
Adult↗
Neurologic involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a preliminary report.
Forty consecutive patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) were prospectively evaluated for evidence of neurologic manifestations of the disease. All patients had primary SS diagnosed on the basis of typical sicca symptomatology, objective documentation of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and/or xerostomia, and a positive minor labial salivary gland biopsy. None had criteria that would classify him/her as systemic lupus. Evaluation included a detailed neurologic history and physical examination and nerve-conduction studies of all four extremities. Ten patients had a mild sensory or mixed neuropathy of the glove-stocking pattern, and six of them had abnormal nerve conduction studies. Two of those, plus one more, had trigeminal neuropathy. Two more patients had abnormal electrophysiologic studies, one of them with absence of Achilles tendon reflexes as well. None of the above patients volunteered complaints related to these findings. Only one patient with severe primary SS, manifested by cryoglobulinemia, vasculitis and glomerulonephritis, presented with mononeuritis multiplex, that partially responded to intravenous cyclophosphamide and high-dose steroids. Central nervous system (CNS) disease was not detected in any of our patients, suggesting that it is rather rare, whereas peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement is relatively common and benign in the majority of primary SS individuals.
Autoantibodies↗
Skull structure with primary cerebellar degeneration.
In the present study the structure of the skull and particularly the structure of the posterior cranial fossa was investigated in cases of primary cerebellar atrophy. The findings from the metric study of the skull X-rays of 13 patients were compared with those of a group of 100 healthy individuals. It was found that the patients' posterior fossa is more shallow than that of the controls (p less than 0.001). The modification of the posterior fossa seems to be attributed to shortness (p less than 0.01) of the bones which form it (clivus and occipital bone). The possible pathogenesis and the explanation of the findings in general is discussed.
Adolescent↗
Tibial nerve H-reflex and F-wave studies in patients with uremic neuropathy.
The nerve conduction velocity along the whole length (knee to the spinal cord) of the 1a sensory and motor fibers of the tibial nerve, innervating the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, of 29 control subjects and 32 patients with chronic renal failure was estimated with recently introduced electrophysiologic F-wave and H-reflex methods. In control subjects and in uremic patients, the proximal sensory (1a) nerve conduction veloctiy (SNCV) was faster than the proximal motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), a finding which is attributed to the larger diameter and therefore faster conduction properties of 1a fibers. In uremic patients, the proximal 1a SNCV and MNCV were significantly slowed in comparison with the values in control subjects, while the terminal M-response latency was not significantly prolonged.
Adult↗
Epidural analgesia attenuates the systemic stress response to upper abdominal surgery: a randomized trial.
The effects of combined general anaesthesia and epidural analgesia in various endocrine and metabolic parameters were studied before, during, at the end, and 72 h after upper abdominal surgery, in an effort to further elucidate the role of epidural analgesia in the endocrine and metabolic response. 50 patients were randomly assigned into groups A and B, which received general anaesthesia alone and combined general anaesthesia and epidural analgesia, respectively. The effects of surgical stress in the plasma concentration of ACTH (P <0.001), cortisol (P <0.01), aldosterone (P <0.05), FFA (P <0.05) and glucose (P <0.01) were significantly less pronounced in the group of patients who received combined general anaesthesia and epidural analgesia. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in regard with plasma TSH, T3, T4, glucagon or Na+ concentration. These results indicate that the combination of general anaesthesia and epidural analgesia attenuate, but does not inhibit, the endocrine and metabolic response to upper abdominal surgery.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Neuropsychiatric abnormalities in primary Sjögren's syndrome.
Neuropsychiatric abnormalities were searched for in 52 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). 40 patients were evaluated with a detailed neurologic history and physical examination and determination of terminal latencies and nerve conduction velocities of all limbs. Nineteen of them, plus another 12 primary SS patients were evaluated for hostility structure and psychiatric symptoms, using the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ) and the Symptoms Check List-90R (SCL-90R) respectively and the results were compared with those of 33 healthy women and 41 cancer patients. Three patients had face numbness and/or hypesthesia indicating trigeminal involvement. Ten had mild sensory or mixed neuropathy of the glove-stocking type. None of our patients volunteered peripheral nervous system (PNS) symptoms nor did we detect central nervous system (CNS) involvement in any of them. One patient with purpura, glomerulonephritis and cryoglobulinemia presented with severe mononeuritis multiplex. High levels of introverted hostility were reported by SS patients in relation to the other two groups. In addition, higher scores on paranoid ideation, somatization and obsessive compulsiveness were found in SS patients compared to the rest but no correlation was found between psychiatric symptomatology and neurologic abnormalities. It is suggested that PNS disease is relatively common and benign in most primary SS patients, psychiatric disorders, sometimes serious, are also common, but CNS involvement must be rather rare.
Adult↗