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Biomedical subjects

G Lainé

Publications and source records attributed to G Lainé.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Inductively coupled plasma and clinical biology. Toxicological applications].

The multi-elementary quantitation method using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has been widely developed for use with biological fluids. Many elements can be quantified simultaneously in biological fluids, including: Li, Be, B, Al, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Pd, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, Ba, W, Pt, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, U. The validation procedure is described by the French Society of Clinical Biology. Results for urine are corrected after creatinine determination. We report applications in clinical toxicology and forensic toxicology. Advances in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the field of clinical biology are particularly important for toxicological analysis. This powerful tool is helpful for better patient care and for the search for cause of death.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[The MB Iso-enzyme of creatine phosphokinase in myocardial infarction (author's transl)].

CPK and its MB iso-enzymatic fraction were measured in 240 patients, 180 of whom suffered from myocardial infarction. MB iso-enzyme was expressed as a percentage of total CPK and a minimum figure of 4 per cent of MB isoenzyme was taken as indicative of a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. In the 180 patients with an infarction, the average MB level as a percentage of total CPK was 12.1 +/- 5.4 per cent. Five patients with a proven infarct had an MB iso-enzyme level of less than 4 per cent. Amongst the 60 patients without a myocardial infarction who were included in view of a pathological level of CPK, the average maximum level of MB was 1 +/- 2.5 per cent. Five of these 60 patients (false positives: 8.3%) had an MB iso-enzyme level of greater than 4 per cent. It is concluded that the estimation of MB iso-enzyme of CPK using a chromatographic technic is a highly valuable laboratory method for confirming or eliminating a diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the numerous clinical circumstances when such a diagnosis is difficult or even impossible on the basis of standard data.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[A case of analbuminaemia (author's transl)].

A new case of analbuminaemia is described in a 6 month old child of algerian origin. The condition was discovered fortuitously, the clinical manifestations consisting only of slight oedema. Serum albumin concentration was 64 mg/l and its immunochemical behavior identical to that of normal albumin. The body react by an increase in the synthesis of globulins. In the propositus, levels of alpha, antitrypsin, caeruloplasmin, haptoglobin, jalpha2 macroglobulin, transferrin, immunoglobulin M were more than 3 times normal. Analysis of non-esterified fatty acids normally carried by albumin was normal. By contrast, it was shown that the presence of free bilirubin not bound to proteins was detected from 17 micronmol/l. Study of the family showed a normal distribution of albumin and globulins. The genetic origin seen in previously reported cases was confirmed by the co-sanguinity of the parents.

Bilirubin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure].

Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for cancer, cardiovascular diseases and respiratory illnesses. Smoking is increasing among children and adolescents with subsequent consequences on the health. Furthermore, maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy adversely affects prenatal growth. Nicotine, the most important tobacco alkaloid, is responsible for maintaining tobacco addiction. According to a recent Circulaire de la direction générale de la santé, nicotine dependence should be determined through questionnaires and quantitative estimate of nicotine metabolites. Nicotine blood level fluctuates and urinary nicotine excretion is of short duration. Nicotine is intensively metabolized in the liver and oxidized into cotinine. Urinary measurement of cotinine appears to be highly related with the degree of intoxication and to allow the differentiation between non exposed and exposed non-smokers. In order to check the present application of nicotine metabolites measurement, a survey was conducted in 340 smoking cessation units. Forty percent physicians (n = 137) answered the survey. For 17% of them, the quantification of nicotine metabolites is included in their daily practise and for 79%, guidelines about cotinine measurement should be given in France. Sixty-seven biologists answered the survey. Recommendations for immunoassay and HPLC determination of cotinine should be given as reported by 66 and 44% of them respectively. Indeed, urinary cotinine measurement with high performance liquid chromatography is highly sensitive and specific. However, immunoassays are more convenient. These two approaches are presently under investigation in order to provide guidelines for optimal use in various clinical situations. Traditional measures for nicotine dependence are the number of cigarettes smoked per day, nicotine intake expressed as mg per day, Fagerstr m questionnaire, expired air carbon monoxide, thiocyanates and cotinine levels in biological fluids. Urinary cotinine measurement is the most useful for the follow-up of smoking cessation including adjustment of nicotine replacement therapy, especially after a clinical event or for the follow-up of smoking pregnant women. It allows the detection of passive smoke exposure in children who are hospitalized for recurrent respiratory illnesses.

Biomarkers↗