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Biomedical subjects

G Lanfranco

Publications and source records attributed to G Lanfranco.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Cytolysis does not per se induce lipid peroxidation: evidence in man.

An increasing bulk of data counters the opinion that cell death and lysis necessarily trigger the formation and release of detectable amounts of molecules that are markers of lipid peroxidation. Plasma levels of thiobarbituric-acid-reacting compounds, protein-aldehyde fluorescent adducts, lipid peroxides, and endogenous antioxidant compounds were monitored versus controls, during intensive care treatment, in six patients seriously poisoned by ingestion of the mushroom Amanita Phalloides. All six patients showed cytolysis, and four of them massive tissue necrosis, as monitored in terms of serum transaminases. In all six patients, however, the blood parameters of redox equilibrium measured were within the normal range for the whole observation period.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Oxidative damage in human liver transplantation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate oxygen-dependent hepatic reperfusion injury in humans following orthotopic liver transplantation. To this end, a number of blood indices of impaired tissue redox balance were monitored in 19 adult patients for 3 weeks after liver transplantation. Both red cell malonaldehyde and plasma lipid peroxides increased significantly soon after organ reperfusion. This finding was consistently accompanied by decreased plasma vitamin E and red cell total glutathione. A peak of oxidative stress, as measured by the parameters monitored, was evident within 24 h after reperfusion, together with a maximum expression of cytolysis, as measured by plasma alanine aminotransferase. The occurrence of redox imbalance after hepatic reperfusion was shown to be linearly related to irreversible cell damage. As regards the low plasma levels of the two antioxidants after reperfusion, only that of vitamin E appeared statistically related to oxidative stress. With the background of an increasing body of proof, mainly from animal models, the involvement of toxic oxygen metabolites in hepatic cytolysis following orthotopic liver transplantation appears likely. The statistical correlation among the markers of redox imbalance monitored indicates their combined use in further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Giant sigmoid diverticulum.

The case of a giant diverticulum of the sigmoid colon in a 74 year-old woman is reported. The diverticulum had perforated into the urinary bladder and required a 3-phase operation with resection of the sigmoid colon and urinary bladder. Giant diverticulum is considered a rare complication of diverticulosis. Generally, it is a pseudo-diverticulum that grows due to a valve mechanism working in the neck of the diverticulum. The differential diagnosis lies mainly between intestinal duplication and pneumatosis cystoides. Surgical therapy yields favorable results.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Oxidative stress in the development of human ischemic hepatitis during circulatory shock.

An increasing number of studies support the involvement of free radical-mediated oxidative reactions in the pathogenesis of tissue injury following ischemia reperfusion. In particular, a condition of oxidative stress is evident in patients with circulatory shock, a disease process often complicated by progressive organ failure sustained by inflammatory reactions. In all shock patients without signs of organ failure, a consistent increase of intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation (lipid peroxides and aldehydes respectively) was observed. Impairment of the redox equilibrium in the tissues of these patients was confirmed by a significant reduction of glutathione and vitamin E hematic concentrations. Moreover, a selective increase of plasma aldehyde-protein adducts, actual proof of oxidative damage of macromolecules, is only present in the shock patients who, in addition, show hepatic cytolysis (ischemic hepatitis) as estimated by plasma levels of LDH5 isoenzyme. Aldehyde adducts well mark the progression of the disease towards multiple organ failure. Finally, the good statistical correlation between aldehyde-modified proteins and LDH5, as well as their distinct behaviour in control and ischemic hepatitis, support the involvement of oxidative damage in the expression and worsening of circulatory shock.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1992

Altered pattern of lipid metabolism in patients with lung cancer.

Cholesterol distribution in tumoral tissues and lipid composition in the plasma compartment were determined in patients affected by different histologic types of lung cancer. The results showed that tumoral lung tissues contained 2-fold more total cholesterol and 3.5-fold more esterified cholesterol than normal lung tissues. In the patients the alterations in intracellular cholesterol were also associated with peculiar changes in cholesterol distribution in the plasma compartment. Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were markedly lower in than in controls. No significant changes in other lipid parameters were observed in these patients. We suggest that the reduced levels of serum HDL cholesterol observed in patients with lung tumors may be a consequence of the disease, probably mediated by the greater utilization of cholesterol for new membrane biogenesis and by the accumulation of esterified cholesterol in tumoral tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Fractures of the calcaneum: when and how to operate.

Between the years 1967 to 1984, 307 fractures of the calcaneum were treated by different methods, 148 of which were available for long-term review. These have been studied in three groups; those treated conservatively (42), those treated by the Essex-Lopresti method (34) and the present group of 72 cases treated by a variety of surgical methods. These have been analysed with a view to ascertaining whether it is possible to propose a best type of operative treatment related to the type of fracture according to the AO system of classification. From a detailed review of the failures, it emerges that the greatest problem is posed by fractures involving the posterior articular surface with downward displacement of one of the fragments, and by burst fractures of B3 types 1, 2 and 3 (AO classification). From this review, it emerges that the best methods of treatment are as follows: for B3.2 fractures characterised by vertical sinking, the open or closed Essex-Lopresti method of repositioning; for B3.2 fractures characterised by horizontal sinking, open repositioning and osteosynthesis; for B3.3 fractures, in which there is complete disruption of the articular surface, arthrodesis by the Stulz method in the best position obtainable.

Calcaneus↗
PubMed1980

Acid and alkaline phosphatase in macrophages of Tenebrio molitor larvae stimulated with asbestos.

The authors studied the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase in macrophages of Tenebrio molitor larvae stimulated with various types of asbestos: A and B chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite and anthophylite. The activity of the two enzymes increased, as did those of beta-galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, two previously assayed enzymes. The increase indicates the toxic action of various types of asbestos and correlates to variations in the mortality curves. The increases of the enzymatic activity and the macrophage response vary with the type of asbestos.

Acid Phosphatase↗