PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Leach

Publications and source records attributed to G Leach.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Acute oral toxicity study of pyridostigmine bromide, permethrin, and DEET in the laboratory rat.

This study investigated the lethal interaction of pyridostigmine bromide (PB), permethrin, and DEET when given to adult male rats by gavage and was separated into two phases. Phase I determined the acute oral lethal dose-response relationship of each compound with the vehicle, propylene glycol. Phase II was divided into two portions: a dose-response study using probit units obtained from phase I [lethal dose (LD) 16, 30, 50, 70, and 84], and an interaction study that contained low levels (calculated LD16, additive LD32) of the two compounds while the concentration of the third compound was varied. Rats were fasted overnight, dosed, and observed for 14 d. A significant increase in lethality occurred when PB, permethrin, and DEET were given concurrently when compared to expected additive values. Furthermore, solutions containing PB and permethrin or PB and DEET also caused a significant increase in lethality when compared to expected additive values. This information suggests that lethality in this study was more than an additive effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of stress management on blood pressure in mild primary hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To establish whether stress management had a larger effect than a control treatment on resting blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure, and left ventricular mass. DESIGN: A 12 week baseline period of habituation to measurement of blood pressure was followed by randomisation to either stress management or mild exercise for six months and follow up six months later. SETTING: General practice, district general hospital, and medical school. PATIENTS: Of the 184 patients aged under 60 with mild primary hypertension who entered the baseline habituation period, 88 were excluded because they failed to meet the entry criteria or they withdrew from the study. The remaining 46 men and 50 women underwent treatment. INTERVENTIONS: 10 clinical sessions and daily practice at home of either stress management based on relaxation or non-aerobic stretching exercises. Mildly stressful 15 minute interviews before and after treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diastolic and systolic blood pressure in the clinic and during 12 hours of ambulatory recording, and left ventricular mass measured by echocardiography. RESULTS: The patients' blood pressure fell during habituation (systolic pressure from 152 mmHg to 140 mmHg, diastolic pressure from 98 to 93 mm Hg), but neither resting nor ambulatory blood pressure was changed by the treatments. Left ventricular mass was also unchanged. Blood pressure rose during the stressful interview, but this rise was reduced by stress management (systolic pressure rose by 7.4 mmHg before treatment and by 3.7 mmHg after treatment). CONCLUSION: Stress management of a type advocated for treating mild primary hypertension is ineffective in lowering blood pressure in patients who are well habituated to measuring blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Bladder neck suspension using the modified Pereyra-Raz procedure in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women].

The authors describe the technique of bladder neck suspension with the modified Pereyra-Raz procedure in the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women. This critical analysis of the technique permits to review its robe the context of the surgical treatment of urinary incontinence and to emphasize the important points to achieve the best possible result.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Prospective evaluation of an assessment strategy for geriatric urinary incontinence.

The objectives of this study were to design and prospectively evaluate a strategy to assess geriatric urinary incontinence in primary care settings. A management plan for urinary incontinence was determined for 264 elderly incontinent patients (205 females and 59 males) based on a clinical evaluation, simple tests of lower urinary tract function, and several criteria for referral for further evaluation derived from the literature on incontinence. Of the 264 patients, 168 (64%) also consented to undergo a urologic and formal urodynamic evaluation. Half of these 168 patients met at least one criterion for referral for further evaluation. At least one-quarter of the patients who met one or more of the criteria were found not to require surgical intervention, and probably did not benefit from the urologic and urodynamic evaluation. Among 84 patients who did not meet any of the criteria for referral, the urologic and urodynamic evaluation changed the initial treatment plan in only 10 (12%). The risks associated with the treatment plan based on the clinical assessment in these patients were, however, relatively small. While further refinement and testing in larger numbers of incontinent patients are needed, the data presented document that a substantial proportion of elderly patients with a treatable and often ignored problem can be appropriately managed based on a relatively simple and inexpensive assessment, which can easily be carried out in primary care settings.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Simple versus multichannel cystometry in the evaluation of bladder function in an incontinent geriatric population.

Bladder capacity and stability were determined among 171 incontinent geriatric patients (mean age 80 years) with 2 techniques: a simple procedure for cystometry involving incremental bladder filling by gravity and a continuous water filling multichannel cystometrogram. Bladder capacities measured by both methods in 164 patients were correlated significantly by simple linear regression (r equals 0.75, p equals 0.0001) and they were not significantly different by paired t tests (t equals 1.20, p equals 0.23). Of the patients 110 (64 per cent) had detrusor motor instability or hyperreflexia on the multichannel cystometrogram, and simple cystometry had a sensitivity of 75 per cent, specificity of 79 per cent and positive predictive value of 85 per cent for this finding. The simple procedure was practical, well tolerated and helped to provide information for management decisions that would have been difficult to obtain from many of these geriatric patients without a formal and more complex urodynamic evaluation. When performed with other simple tests of lower urinary tract function and interpreted in conjunction with a few straightforward clinical criteria, simple cystometry can be helpful to assess bladder function among incontinent geriatric patients in settings in which formal urodynamics are either unavailable or impractical.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

A 13-week vapor inhalation study of 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Four groups of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 13 weeks to 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol (PA) at concentrations of 0.00, 0.20, 1.00 or 5.00 mg/l (1 mg/l = 240 ppm). Exposures were for 6 hr per day, 5 days per week with sacrifices at 7 and 13 weeks of exposure, and at 4 weeks after exposure. The test animals were evaluated for abnormalities in physiology, behaviour, clinical laboratory parameters, and gross and microscopic morphology. No abnormalities were detected in electrocardiograms, respiratory indices, spontaneous activity, passive avoidance activity and open-field behaviour. Clinical signs related to PA exposure included alopecia, ataxia and lacrimation. There were no biologically significant between-group differences in body-weights during the study. The clinical laboratory data demonstrated a 30% increase in serum cholesterol and bilirubin at 7 weeks in high-dose males and an increase in urea nitrogen in intermediate and high-dose males at 13 weeks. There were no abnormalities in hematologic or coagulation parameters. At necropsy there were no significant gross abnormalities; however, examination of organ weights revealed enlarged kidneys in high-dose male rats at 13 weeks, enlarged ovaries in high-dose female rats at 13 weeks, and microscopic study of tissue sections revealed minimal to mild renal tubular injury in high and possibly intermediate dose males at several sacrifices. These findings suggest that the primary target organ of PA, when given by inhalation, is the kidney in male rats and possibly the ovary in female rats. The renal changes in the high-dose males were not fully reversible during the recovery period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1978

A controlled trial of puncture sites for amniocentesis.

A controlled trial to determine a better site for amniocentesis was carried out over a 6-month period, involving 98 obstetric patients. The suprapubic and nuchal puncture site for amniocentesis were compared. The failure rate was found to be lower when the suprapublic site was used, and no significant difference in morbidity was found in the two groups.

Abdomen↗