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Biomedical subjects

G Leventhal

Publications and source records attributed to G Leventhal.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Reproducibility of exercise-induced modulation of cardiovascular responses to cold stress.

The modulation of cardiovascular responses to the cold pressor test (CPT) as produced by exercise was studied in 13 volunteers. The reproducibility of the measurements selected for the study, i.e. heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), blood flow (BF) and skin temperature (ST), was investigated through repeat experiments in the fall of 1994 and the winter of 1995. HR was monitored before, during and after a 10-min period of bicycling at 70% of reserve HR. BP, cutaneous BF and ST were measured before and after exercise. Two CPTs (hand into ice-cold water for 1 min) were performed: one preceding exercise and another at 3 min after exercise. The results obtained allow us to conclude that in non-hypertensive volunteers (1) the pronounced cardiovascular responses (ST, BF and BP) induced by CPT are reproducible (p > 0.2) when compared to basal level values and (2) cardiovascular responses to cold stress are significantly attenuated by exercise (p < 0.03). Our study, therefore, supports and validates the use of our coupled exercise-CPT method in ongoing epidemiological studies attempting to identify individuals at risk for the development of hypertension as well as those most likely to benefit from preventative exercise programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Correlations among field dependence/independence, locus of control and self-monitoring.

72 college students completed the Witkin Rod and Frame Test and the Group Embedded Figures Test as measures of Field Dependence/Independence, the Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, and the Synder Self-monitoring Scale. Analysis indicated a small but significant relationship between scores on the first two tests but none between the second two. A significant correlation between scores on locus of control with the Group Embedded Figures Test and none with the Rod and Frame test, and a small but significant relationship between scores on self-monitoring with those on both measures of field dependence.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Preferences of agency administrators and state and local officials about mental health site evaluation visits.

OBJECTIVE: To explore changing the procedures for site reviews of mental health facilities in New Jersey, the study sought to determine the views of administrators of mental health agencies and of state and county mental health officials about evaluation methods used by site visit teams. METHODS: Response to a 35-item questionnaire by 86 provider-agency administrators were compared with responses by 34 government officials using chi square analysis and two-way analyses of variance. RESULTS: Both agency administrators and government officials believed that the primary purpose of site visits was to improve service quality and assess compliance with standards of good care. Compared with agency administrators, government officials viewed site visits as more useful and important. Agency administrators believed that identifying problems not under the agency's control was the most useful feature of a site visit. Although both groups apparently wanted consumers' input during the evaluation process, both were hesitant to accept consumers and their families as members of site visit teams. CONCLUSIONS: Both groups favored changes that would make site visits a more collaborative enterprise. Their similar views on many issues form a core of agreement about site visit procedures around which further consensus can be built.

Community Mental Health Centers↗
PubMed1991

Can innuendos in headlines affect perceptions?

The effect of innuendos in headlines on the memory and attitudes of 67 male and 81 female college student who read simulated news articles were studied. Analysis indicated no main or interactive effect of headlines containing innuendo on memory, rated responsibility of the accused or victim, or on sentencing. Memory and attitudes were affected by identification and stereotyping.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cerebral dominance and attentional bias in word recognition.

This study investigated the role of cerebral dominance, functional localization, and attentional bias on the recognition of neutral and emotionally charged words presented unilaterally and bilaterally by a tachistoscope to the left and right visual fields of 42 left and 42 right handers. The major findings were: (1) Over-all, right handers perceived more words than left handers; (2) Although more neutral words were perceived, there were no interactive effects for type of word; (3) Unilateral presentation: LVF = RVF for left and right handers; Bilateral presentation: left handers evidenced a left visual-field advantage, right handers evidenced a right visual-field advantage; (4) Directional cuing did not magnify the existing visual field advantage but increased efficiency of recognition for words presented to the correctly cued nondominant visual field and decreased efficiency of recognition for words presented to the incorrectly cued dominant visual field. It was concluded that, although each hemisphere was equally capable of processing single words, cerebral dominance and functional localization interact with attentional bias to produce the observed differential in word recognition of the left and right visual fields.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Body image of drug and alcohol abusers.

This study attempted to determine whether male and female drug and alcohol abusers evidenced more body image distortions than nonabusers. Body image was measured by magnitude estimations of 22 two-dimensional body parts. Results indicated a differential sex effect for the drug and alcohol abusers: Male abusers manifested body image distortions related to heightened need for control and power; female abusers manifested body image distortions related to feelings of insecurity and inferiority.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Differential effects of spatial crowding and sex on behavior.

This study examined the nature of the interaction of the spatial variables, number of people in a group and density, with sex of subject as it affects the experience of crowding and behavior. A 3 X 2 factorial design was employed; the independent variables were spatial crowding and sex, and the dependent variables, measures of performance on a memory task, perceived comfort, and perception of the environment. 90 males and 90 females were tested in homogeneous sex groups in one of three conditions: (a) 30 subjects per group, (b) 6 subjects sitting as close together as (a), and (c) 6 subjects per group sitting far apart. The major finding was the differential effect of the spatial variables on males and females for accuracy of perception of some aspects of the environment; for males, number of people in the group was the critical factor, for females density was the critical factor. Other results indicated that all subjects, regardless of sex, felt less comfortable in large groups than in small ones but that density influenced the judgment of how many people could fit comfortably in the room. There was no significant effect of the spatial variables on memory. One implication of this study is that future research on crowding should concentrate more on interactive effects rather than single factors.

Crowding↗
PubMed1978

Effect of density and environmental noise on perception of time, the situation, oneself and others.

The effects of density, intrusion of one's personal space, sex of subject, group composition, and environmental noise on the perception of time, the situation, oneself and others were investigated in this study. Generally, the results indicated that (1) both density and the intrusion of personal space concurrently affect the perception of crowding, (2) the physical factors interacted with the social and personal factors to affect the perception of several aspects of the situation, and (3) the environmental noise did not, for the most part, affect the perception of the situation.

Crowding↗
PubMed1975

Delay in retention of forms.

10 forms were drawn on the palms of 48 subjects who were without vision. Subjects were then required haptically to explore three forms and choose the drawn shape. Three intervals, 0, 5, and 15 sec., were inserted between the presentation of the drawn form and the choice. It was expected that there would be a decline in the accuracy of form recognition with an increase in delay. Form recognition was significantly superior with no delay and loss of shape information seems to occur rather quickly since there was no significant difference in the accuracy of form recognition between the two longer delays.

Female↗