PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Loria

Publications and source records attributed to G Loria.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

The role of the ostiomeatal unit anatomic variations in inflammatory disease of the maxillary sinuses.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine the correlation between bony anatomic variations of the ostiomeatal unit (OMU) and chronic maxillary sinusitis. The study was based on the hypothesis that the mucosal contact caused by the variations represents the critical factor in increasing the risk of maxillary sinusitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thin section high resolution computerised tomography (CT) examinations of the paranasal sinuses in 73 consecutive patients with 113 anatomic variations of the OMU were retrospectively reviewed. The following CT features were assessed: (1) Type of anatomic variations, (2) presence of a mucosal contact in the OMU and (3) presence of maxillary disease. Statistical evaluation was carried out using chi 2-test. RESULTS: The following bony anatomic variations were found: Concha bullosa (67 cases), abnormalities of the uncinate process (18 cases), Haller's cells (24 cases) and large ethmoidal bulla (four cases). Only 52 of the 113 anatomic variations were associated with ipsilateral maxillary disease (mucosal thickening, mucous retention cysts, polyps, retained secretions). Of 113 variations, 44 caused a mucosal contact, 35 of these were associated with maxillary abnormalities, while in nine cases there were no pathologic changes. Of 69 variations, 17 did not cause mucosal contact (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our data shows that, in the presence of anatomic bony variations, a contact between the mucosal surface of the OMU is valuable in predicting the likelihood of a maxillary inflammatory disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Comparisons of pulmonary and sinonasal lesions in patients with cystic fibrosis. Evaluation using computerized tomography].

INTRODUCTION: Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic systemic exocrinopathy caused by a variety of mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR). The disease is characterized by alterations of the secretions, which become thickened and viscous. Both the paranasal sinuses and the lung parenchyma are involved in all cases. The aim of this study was to assess a correlation between the rhinosinusal and lung parenchyma changes in cystic fibrosis patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen patients (11 men and 7 women, age range: 8 to 22 years) were examined with chest HRCT and sinonasal low dose CT. Lung symptoms were found in all patients; 13 of them, also affected with rhinosinusal symptoms, had been examined with ENT and nasal endoscopy. The other 5 patients, without rhinosinusal symptoms and previously examined with ENT, were evaluated as control group. Chest CT was performed with the high-resolution technique, 2 mm slice thickness and 10 mm table feed. Rhinosinusal CT was performed with the low dose technique, acquiring contiguous 2-4 mm thickness coronal sections. The CT patterns were analyzed by two radiologists and scored as slight, medium and diffuse involvement of both districts. RESULTS: No statistically significant correlation between lung and sinonasal damage was found in our study. Parenchymal lung involvement appeared more severe than sinonasal involvement in 14/18 patients. The retention of secretions in the paranasal sinuses, even if limited, was demonstrated in all symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of correlation between pulmonary and sinonasal damage and more generally, the different severity of cystic fibrosis can be caused by different allele mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene, the most frequent of which is Delta F-508.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Computerized tomography in the assessment of metastatic facial adenopathy].

The facial lymph nodes are classified in five groups: mandibular, buccinator, infraorbital, malar and retrozygomatic nodes. This paper reports the CT appearance of neoplastic involvement of these nodes, an unusual and not well documented event. The CT examinations of 62 patients with a history of primary or recurrent cancer of the epidermal structures of the face, oral cavity and sinonasal region were retrospectively reviewed to assess the presence of facial adenopathy. Nine cases of neoplastic involvement of facial nodes were found. Most commonly the buccinator nodes (4 cases) were involved, the infraorbital, mandibular (2 cases) and retrozygomatic nodes (1 case) being less commonly involved. No malar nodes were found. Neoplastic involvement of these nodes was caused by squamous cell carcinoma in 6 cases, by adenocarcinoma in 2 cases and by a lymphoma in 1 case. Normal nodes could not be confidently identified on CT studies. CT diagnosis of neoplastic involvement of facial nodes is based on the presence of a nodular lesion which lies along the lymphatic pathways of the primary neoplasm in an anatomically compatible location. CT diagnosis of facial nodes is very important for treatment planning if the nodes are deep or at a distance from primary cancer. This is especially true for retrozygomatic and buccinator nodes.

Facial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

[Computerized tomography in the assessment of obstructive jaundice caused by hepatic hydatid cysts].

This paper reports on the CT findings of obstructive jaundice caused by hydatid cysts of the liver, which are an unusual event occurring in 5-10% of cases. Thus, only a few reports can be found in the literature dealing with the CT features of this syndrome. Eight patients with obstructive jaundice were selected from 87 patients with hydatid disease of the liver and examined with CT. The CT diagnosis of rupture into the largest bile ducts is based upon the demonstration of hepatic hydatid cysts together with intrabiliary hydatid sand, membranes and scolices and/or the identification of parietal discontinuity with communication between the cyst and the biliary tree. Rupture into the largest bile ducts was demonstrated in 7 patients. The following CT patterns were observed: 1) intrahepatic biliary tract dilatation (all cases); 2) extrahepatic biliary tract dilatation (6 cases); 3) cyst wall interruption (5 cases--in 3 of them the communication between the cyst and the dilated bile duct was demonstrated); 4) daughter cysts, fragmented membranes or hydatid sand in the biliary tree (5 cases); 5) hydatid material in the gallbladder (1 case) and, finally, disappearance of the daughter cyst visible on a previous CT examination (1 case). In another patient, the diagnosis of compressive jaundice without biliary communication was suggested because a bulky hydatid cyst was found near the hilum of liver. CT findings were confirmed with ERCP or at surgery. CT failed to reveal small tears with minute biliary radicles, which are usually asymptomatic, whose diagnosis could be made only with preoperative cholangiography. Hydatid cysts of the liver can cause obstructive jaundice because of main bile duct compression or of large bile duct perforation with consequent passage of hydatid material into the biliary tree. This complication should be promptly managed surgically to avoid potentially fatal complications, which makes a preoperative diagnosis essential.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Computerized tomography in gaseous hypotonic duodenography in the study of the pancreatico-duodenal area].

This study was aimed at assessing the role of CT-hypotonic gaseous duodenography in the study of the pancreatic-duodenal region. Forty-two patients with malignancies in this region were examined with CT of the upper abdomen followed by CT-hypotonic gaseous duodenography (30 pancreatic head cancers, 7 main bile duct and 5 ampullary lesions). In 20 of 28 cases of pancreatic head carcinoma, CT-hypotonic gaseous duodenography yielded more pieces of information than baseline abdominal CT and was also more useful in small pancreatic head cancers, < 4 cm diameter. In 4 of these patients, CT-hypotonic gaseous duodenography better demonstrated the pancreatic lesions which conventional CT had demonstrated poorly. In contrast, CT-hypotonic gaseous duodenography was less useful in main bile duct carcinomas, depicting focal duodenal infiltration in only 1 of 7 cases. In all ampullary tumor patients (5/5), CT-hypotonic gaseous duodenography demonstrated intraduodenal lesions. The authors conclude that CT-hypotonic gaseous duodenography is a useful technique to investigate small pancreatic head cancers and the method of choice to demonstrate ampullary lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. The computed tomographic picture and histological correlations].

Twenty-one CT examinations of 18 patients with a known bronchioloalveolar carcinoma in the lung were retrospectively reviewed to describe the CT features of bronchioloalveolar carcinomas. Surgical specimens were available in 13 cases in which CT-histologic correlation was also obtained. In 5 patients the diagnosis was made with cytology and confirmed with radiologic-clinical follow-up. Three patients were reexamined for relapses 6-20 months after the resection of a localized carcinoma. Carcinomas exhibited 3 radiologic patterns: a) solitary pulmonary nodule (11 cases), b) mass or pulmonary consolidation (3 cases) and c) multicentric or diffuse disease (7 cases). Solitary nodular bronchioloalveolar carcinomas were associated with irregular or spiculated margins in 9 of 11 patients. In some cases internal inhomogeneity due to bubble-like radiolucencies was demonstrated. At pathology, bubble-like radiolucencies correlated with air-containing cystic spaces lined by neoplastic epithelium or patent and dilated bronchi. Some nodules exhibited linear and serpentine internal radiolucencies. Pathology demonstrated them to be consistent with patent intratumoral bronchioles (air bronchiologram) and air-containing neoplastic glandular spaces, respectively. In two cases a perinodular ground-glass halo was demonstrated surrounding the nodule (CT halo sign), due to perinodular lepidic tumor growth. Massive or ground-glass opacity involving a pulmonary segment or a lobe was another CT pattern of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. An air bronchogram was usually demonstrated within the lesion. In the mucinous type of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, pulmonary consolidations had a low CT value because of the large amount of intratumoral mucus. The diffuse type of tumor presented as multiple pulmonary nodules or multiple pulmonary consolidations, or both. In two cases multiple nodules were associated with carcinomatous lymphangitis. In conclusion, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules, multiple pulmonary nodules and chronic alveolar opacities. The diagnosis of a bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is of great value since surgery can help nearly 70% of the patients at this stage recover.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Turcot's syndrome: a new case in the first decade of life.

A case of Turcot's syndrome is described in an 8-year-old girl. Turcot's syndrome is a rare hereditary disease in which malignant glioma of the central nervous system is associated with colonic polyposis. The patient initially presented with a left parietal glioblastoma diagnosed by computed tomography (CT), and was subsequently found to have nonfamilial colonic polyposis.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Air-space pattern in lung metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the GI tract.

PURPOSE: We retrospectively reviewed a series of proven lung metastasis to evaluate the frequency and CT features of metastases showing an air-space (lepidic) pattern of growth. METHOD: CT examinations of 65 patients with proven lung metastasis from GI carcinomas were reviewed by three observers. Four CT features were used to classify lesions as air-space metastases: (a) air-space nodules; (b) parenchymal consolidation containing air bronchogram and/or showing angiogram sign; (c) focal or extensive ground-glass opacities; and (d) nodules(s) with a "halo" sign. RESULTS: Six of 65 patients showed air-space metastases: three from pancreatic carcinoma, two from colonic carcinoma, and one from jejunal carcinoma. In one case, metastasis appeared as extensive parenchymal consolidation associated with ground-glass opacities; in one as an area of ground-glass opacity; in one as an extensive parenchymal consolidation with air bronchogram; in one as parenchymal consolidations with angiogram sign and multiple nodules, some of these with halo sign; in one as air-space nodules and patchy air-space consolidations; and in one as a solitary nodule with halo sign. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that air-space lung metastasis from GI carcinomas is uncommon but not rare. On CT as well as microscopically, differential diagnosis between air-space metastasis and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma may be impossible.

Adenocarcinoma↗