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Biomedical subjects

G M Giuseppetti

Publications and source records attributed to G M Giuseppetti.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Two mammographic periods compared].

The authors report the results obtained in two different series of cases examined by means of mammography in 1968/74 and in 1987/89. All patients had histologically proven breast cancer. The first series of cases included 183 patients who were examined with a mammographic unit with fixed anode, 0.6 x 0.6 mm focal spot, and 25-40 cm FFD. The second series included 152 patients who were examined with a last-generation mammographic unit with turning anode, 0.3 x 0.3 mm focal spot, 50-65 cm FFD, and radiographic magnification. Lesion staging in the first group went as follows: 10% of patients were T1, and 90% were in more advanced stages; in the second series, 42% were T1 and 52% were in more advanced stages. Mammographic accuracy was 83% in the first series and 84.8% in the second series. The main mammographic features of the lesions and their incidence were analyzed. In 11 patients examined with a last-generation unit, breast cancer was diagnosed for the presence of indirect signs which had not been demonstrated with the older unit. In conclusion, last-generation mammographic units allow an earlier diagnosis to be made, and most signs of breast cancer to be promptly demonstrated.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Role of ultrasonics in the diagnosis of subclinical carcinoma of the breast].

The authors report the results of a retrospective multicentric study concerning the sonographic diagnosis of subclinical breast cancer, 11,254 patients were examined by means of mammography, with last-generation mammographic equipment, and by means of real-time US with 7.5-10 MHz transducer. Fifty-seven subclinical breast cancers were identified and histologically confirmed. US detected 30/57 neoplastic lesions, versus mammography 47/57; in particular, US identified 10 cancers missed at mammography, while the latter detected 27 malignant lesions missed at US. Mammographic accuracy in the early detection of breast cancers was 82.4%, while US accuracy was 52.6%. Mammographic false negatives were due to opacity of the glandular parenchyma. US false negatives presented at mammography as microcalcifications (67%), lesions less than 1 cm phi (22%), and indirect signs (11%). The results of this study demonstrate the important role of US in women with radiographically-dense parenchymal patterns, but confirm the superiority of mammography in the detection of subclinical breast cancer.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1988

[The pulsed Doppler echo of the internal mammary artery].

In this study the authors discuss the results obtained using pulsed Doppler to evaluate internal mammary artery blood flow velocity in normal, dysplastic and neoplastic breasts. The following parameters were evaluated: percentage of artery localization, vessel diameter, and blood flow velocity. One hundred and seventy-five patients were examined by pulsed Doppler US and mammography in the same sitting. US evaluation of the internal mammary artery was possible in 156 cases. These patients were divided into 3 groups according to Wolfe's classification: normal (38 patients), dysplastic (74 patients) and neoplastic (44 patients). The mean blood flow velocity was estimated in each group; a significant difference was observed between normal (11.8 +/- 6 cm/s) and dysplastic (22.5 +/- 11 cm/s) patients. As for neoplastic patients, similar values were observed in benign (20.6 +/- 9 cm/s) and malignant (25.8 +/- 11 cm/s) lesions. Benign and malignant lesions were distinguished also according to Wolfe's parameters. In the patients with malignant lesions and normal breasts there was an increase in blood flow velocity--which was not observed in dysplastic breasts. In benign lesions in normal or dysplastic breasts, the blood flow velocity was similar to that observed in the respective group of nonpathologic breasts.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Metastatic tumors in the breast: sonographic findings.

The sonographic findings observed in eight patients with metastatic tumors in the breast were reviewed. Solitary breast nodules were present in four patients; multiple metastases were seen in the other four patients, with bilateral lesions in two of them. A total number of 20 breast masses was appreciated. All lesions had a round or oval shape and hypoechoic, solid echopattern, when compared with the surrounding breast parenchyma. In three patients, they presented with many small medium-level internal echoes while, in the other five patients they were almost anechoic, with only a few low-level echoes within. Regular and well-defined margins were seen in four patients; in the remaining four patients, irregular walls were seen. The posterior walls of the lesions were well defined, and great acoustic attenuation was never seen. In one case, slight acoustic enhancement was present posterior to the lesions from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Multiple masses in the same patient always had the same sonographic features. While evaluating a breast mass in a patient with a known malignancy elsewhere in the body, the absence of an acoustic shadow posterior to the lesion may allow the metastatic nature of the disease to be considered as a diagnostic possibility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Ultrasound-computerized tomography in neonatal encephalic pathology.

The echoencephalographic examinations of 127 neonates were analysed to verify the role of US in the study of neonatal cerebral pathology, and to compare it with CT. US was of value in identifying the existence of a cerebral lesion and for follow-up. CT was more reliable for the characterization of the lesion and in establishing the surgical indications.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1982

Pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma: diagnostic problems.

Eleven cases of pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma were studied with respect to the differential diagnosis from that of pancreatic pseudocysts, using diagnostic ultrasound as the initial investigative technique. Most of the cases presented an ultrasonic picture that correlated well with the gross pathology, but this correlation was not reliable enough to be considered characteristic in differentiating such masses from pseudocysts. The authors divide the cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas into four echographic classes. In all but one of the classes, diagnostic ultrasound was insufficient by itself to render an accurate diagnosis. In such cases other techniques, i.e. CT, tissue biopsy, and especially angiography, were required for a reliable diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[The diagnosis of hepatic metastases is a frequent problem in clinical practice (author's transl)].

In 131 verified cases with known primitive tumor, the diagnostic accuracy of the echotomography resulted in 84% (sensitivity 89%; specificity 76%). Technical insufficiency of the echotomography did not define the diagnosis in 8% of the patients. The evidence of solid lesions in both lobes of the liver and the involvement of the inferior vena cava are the criteria for inoperability and selection for angiographic test. The diagnostic value of the echotomography was low in cases where the primitive tumour was not identified because of the non specificity of the echo-structure of the solid intrahepatic lesions. Angiography is essential when a liver resection is planed.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Usefulness of ultrasonography and color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of major salivary gland diseases].

The algorithm for imaging of the salivary glands depends on the clinical scenario with which the patient presents to the clinician. Ultrasound has been increasingly used in recent years and thanks to high performance, easy to use apparatus, it can now be used for exploration of the salivary glands. This non invasive, painless and relatively inexpensive examination provides rapid visualisation of the salivary glands and is a useful adjunct to computed tomography and magnetic risonance imaging examination, particularly in tumour pathology. In recent years, publications have highlighted the potential uselfulness of salivary gland ultrasonography as a simple and non-invasive adjunctive test for the detection of gland involvement in Sjögren's syndrome (SS). SS is a chronic inflammatory disease of the salivary glands characterised by focal lymphocytic infiltrates that cause progressive destruction of the acinar structures. The findings of a previous study lead us to believe, in agreement with other examiners, that semiquantitative assessment of ultrasonographic images of the salivary glands is a sensitive and very useful means of evaluating salivary involvement in SS. Color Doppler sonography is a recently introduced method which makes it possible to evaluate intra- and perilesional vascularization and to perform a hemodynamic study of the area being explored. The color Doppler sonography can provide a useful adjunct to conventional ultrasound, increasing diagnostic accuracy in submandibular- parotid masses and to analyze physiologic changes that occur during salivary stimulation in normal subjects and the flow alterations that occur in diseased glands of SS patients. This article reviews the normal ultrasound anatomy of the salivary glands along with lithiasic, inflammatory, tumoral, and autoimmune disease such as SS.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The factor of magnification in mammography].

The last generation of mammographic equipment allows mammography to be performed with direct magnification techniques, thanks to such technical features as microfocus, high focus-film distance, high-power generators. The authors compared the diagnostic yield of two different equipment sets, with 1.4x and 2x magnification respectively, and verified the utility of magnification radiography. A significant reduction was obtained in questionable diagnoses (42 to 18) in a group of 63 patients, with no evidence of substantial differences in the diagnostic yield of the images obtained with different magnification ratios. An objective analysis of the system resolution power privileges 2x magnification ratio, which however implies an increase in the average dose to the breast. The use of faster recording systems reduces the dose by 50%, though maintaining good image quality.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sonographic structural and morphological features of the parathyroid glands in patients on dialysis. Observations concerning 75 patients].

The results of US study concerning parathyroid glands performed in 75 uremic patients on regular haemodialysis, examined by echography, are reported. The purpose of this research is the identification of the glands and the analysis of their sonographic features. The results show that parathyroids mostly have round shape and regular outlines, usually hypoechoic structure. The authors stress the use of US as a useful tool for visualization and anatomical definition of parathyroids, providing important information for surgical planning.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical, radiological and ultrasonic correlations in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Observations concerning 75 patients on dialysis].

The results of a US study on parathyroid glands, performed in 75 hemodialysed patients are reported. The correlation between morphological features of the glands, biochemical and radiological pattern of secondary hyperparathyroidism is stressed. The results show a significant link between gland volume and hematic level of PTH: less interesting appears the correlation with radiological pattern of uremic osteodystrophy.

Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Closed abdominal injuries: the diagnostic reliability of ultrasonics].

47 consecutive patients underwent a ultrasound examination: they had suspect clinical-laboratorial picture caused from traumatic lesions of the abdominal viscera. We considered two kinds of visceral lesions: alterations of the parenchimal organs and of the empty ones. In the first group we analyzed direct signs of the lesion; in the second group we considered the indirect signs (hemothorax, hemoperitoneum and so on). Sometimes meteorism and the patient's conditions limited the reliability of the examination. We registered three false negative in volumetrically regular spleens, the seat hampering the complete exploration of the organ; on the contrary the lack of experience may cause interpretative mistakes (false positive). The obtained results induce to consider the employment of the ultrasound diagnostic imaging in abdominal traumas as a first approach, efficient test because, very often, it can condition surgical decisions, avoiding more aggressive diagnostic investigations.

Abdominal Injuries↗