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Biomedical subjects

G M Müller

Publications and source records attributed to G M Müller.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Plasmacytoid monocytes appear in the bronchoalveolar lavage: differences between smokers and nonsmokers.

The primary purpose of this study was to describe the expression pattern of the surface antigens CD68, CD36, 27E10, G16/1, and RM3/1 on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells of smokers and nonsmokers. We found a cell type, morphologically similar to lymphocytes, which showed a strong expression of the monocyte markers CD68 and CD36. We therefore recognized these cells as plasmacytoid monocytes (PM). Hereby we report the appearance of PM in the BAL and its dependency of smoking. The study was conducted in 40 patients with various lung diseases and normal subjects. Sixteen patients and normal subjects were smokers and 24 were nonsmokers. There was a significant increase of PM in the BAL of smokers compared to nonsmokers. However we could not find a disease-related increase of PM in the BAL. This is the first report demonstrating the occurrence of PM in the BAL. Our data support the monocytic origin of PM and suggest an involvement in T cell-mediated responses of the lung.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1992

[Relation between 67-gallium scintigraphy and bronchoalveolar lavage--differential cell count and superoxide anion liberation--in patients with systemic scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematosus].

The aim of the study was to determine the pulmonary 67-gallium uptake, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell differentiation and the activity of BAL cells, measured as release of superoxide anion (O2-), and to investigate the results whether there are relations. In 11 nonsmoking systemic scleroderma (SS) patients and 11 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with lung involvement double-sided BAL were performed, mainly in regions with increased 67-gallium uptake. Release of O2- was measured by INT-assey. BAL cell differentiation was in SS and SLE pathological in 68.2% without side-difference. In contrast to SS, O2(-)-release in SLE depends on BAL cell differentiation and is most increased in normal BAL cell differentiation. There is no correlation between 67-gallium uptake and both BAL cell differentiation and O2(-)-release. The results suggest, that in contrast to SS, BAL cells in SLE with pathological differentiation are less activated than BAL cells with normal differentiation probable due to autoimmunological factors. Pulmonary 67-gallium scan and BAL seem to be independent from each other.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Inhibition of histamine release from human granulocytes by ions of the rare earth elements lanthanum and cerium.

The influence of the ATPase inhibitors, lanthanum or cerium, on histamine release in basophils and mast cells was studied. Both compounds inhibited IgE- or A23187-induced histamine release. To exclude a general inhibition of calcium-dependent reactions in the cell, we tested the influence of these compounds on phagocytosis and superoxide production of neutrophil granulocytes. Phagocytosis of Candida albicans was inhibited partially, superoxide generation, measured by the INT test after stimulation with zymosan or aggregated gamma globulin, was not affected. Because of the inhibitory effect of lanthanum or cerium compounds on membrane ATPase and immunological function of epidermal Langerhans cells we propose that these compounds may be used in the treatment of atopic eczema, where both histamine-releasing mast cells and IgE-bearing Langerhans cell play a pathogenetically important role.

Calcimycin↗
PubMed1990

[Systemic effects of ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation in serial whole body irradiation. II. Effect on the immune cells of the skin].

Before and after skin treatment by ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation or visible light the ability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to form oxygen intermediates was investigated in 31 healthy volunteers. Superoxide production was evaluated photometrically as the reduction of Iodonitrotetrazoliumchloride (INT). After whole body treatment by 4 UV exposures all persons exhibited significantly enhanced rates of INT-reduction for 26-62 days. The in vivo half-time of PMN is 5-7 hours. Therefore a direct effect of irradiation over that long period is rather unlikely, suggesting that mediators should play a crucial role in signal transduction from the skin to the peripheral blood cells. Most likely candidates for connective links are interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).

Free Radicals↗
PubMed1990

[Relation between the anti-oxidative potential of psoriasis blood plasma in reactivity of granulocytes].

It was revealed a positive correlation between an antioxidative potential (AP) of blood plasma from psoriasis patients and generation of O2- by normal granulocytes, stimulated by zymosan or aggregated human gamma-globulin, in the presence of the same plasma samples. The AP of plasma was measured by means of inhibition of the chemiluminescence arising during photoautoxidation of luminol. The production of O2- after cell stimulation was estimated by means of the reduction of tetrazolium salt. The result is discussed from the viewpoint of informative-regulatory role of the plasma AP for the white blood cells as a part of the whole organism, participating in its common defence reactions.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of lithium carbonate on the leukocyte count following ionizing radiation. 4. The effect of lithium carbonate on the activation of granulocytes].

From numerous investigations it is known that lithium carbonate promotes granulocytopoiesis by stimulation of CSF (colony stimulating factor) in bone marrow. To prove if no immature, in their functions restricted cells are delivered from bone marrow, the activity of granulocytes was tested in vitro in patients with lithium therapy. It could be seen that granulocytes of peripheral blood show an increased in-vitro-activation after lithium influence in vivo.

Dysgerminoma↗
PubMed1989

Splenopentin--influence on antibody formation in immunosuppressed animals and on phagocytic capability of human granulocytes.

Sublethally x-ray irradiated C57 Bl/6 Bln. mice (whole body irradiation with 600 cGy) were treated with or without a splenopentin derivative (DA SP-5: N alpha-acetyl-L-arginyl)-(N alpha-acetyl-L-lysyl)-L-glutamyl-L-valyl-L-tyrosine and compared for their capacity to produce antibodies against target sheep red blood cells. As demonstrated DA SP-5 treated mice produced antibodies earlier and in a higher level than animals untreated. Furthermore, DA SP-5 influences the phagocytic capability of human granulocytes in a dose dependent matter.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The effect of PUVA treatment on acid hydrolases in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The activity of intracellular acid hydrolases in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) from psoriatic patients and normal control subjects was determined. No significant differences between healthy and psoriatic individuals were detected, but a slight decrease in acid hydrolase activity was found in PMNL of psoriasis patients during PUVA therapy. PUVA treatment of PMNL in vitro at intensities that may be achieved in situ in the epidermis led to intracellular inactivation of acid hydrolases, which was not due to secretion of the enzymes or cell damage. The decrease in PMNL hydrolase activity appeared to be evoked by PUVA-generated reactive oxygen species because reduced glutathione prevented this decrease. The activity of free extracellular acid hydrolases was not affected by PUVA, and the superoxide production of PUVA-treated PMNL was increased. These results suggest that intracellular inactivation of acid hydrolases and possibly other lysosomal enzymes in PMNL or monocytes infiltrating the epidermis may contribute to the antipsoriatic activity of PUVA therapy.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1986

[Histamine liberation from rat mast cells by culture supernatants of human lymphocytes and rat spleen lymphocytes].

The supernatant of mitogen- or antigen-stimulated mononuclear cell cultures is known to contain a large number of biologically active molecules. In the present study, we have stimulated human mononuclear cells and rat spleen cells with Con A or antigen (PPD) respectively to produce lymphokines, such as histamine releasing factor (HRF), which is capable of causing histamine release from rat mast cells and human basophils. Histamine was measured fluorimetrically by Shore et al. This assay is sensitive and reproducible: replicates varied by less than 15% in triplicate samples.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Anti-influenza response achieved by immunization with a synthetic conjugate.

The peptide corresponding to sequence 91--108 of the hemagglutinin of type A H3N2 influenza virus has been synthesized by the solid-phase peptide synthesis method and covalently attached to several macromolecular carriers. The conjugate with tetanus toxoid was used for immunization of rabbits and mice. The immunoglobulin fraction of the rabbit antiserum showed the presence and antipeptide antibodies by both agar gel diffusion and radioimmunoassay. In the latter assay, the antibodies showed marked crossreactivity with the intact virus of the A/Texas/77 strain. The antibodies were also capable of inhibiting the hemagglutination of chicken erythrocytes by the virus; the highest hemagglutination inhibition titer (1:32) was achieved with a serum-resistant strain of A/Texas/77. When the in vitro virus plaque formation assay was used with monolayers of Madin--Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, the number of plaques was reduced on interaction with the immunoglobulin fraction of the antiserum, which was effective up to a dilution of 1:32. Preliminary results indicate that C3H/DiSn mice immunized with the peptide--tetanus toxoid conjugate are partially protected against a further challenge with A/Texas mouse-adapted influenza virus. The results are thus indicative of the efficacy of the synthetic material in eliciting anti-influenza immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

On the behaviour of murine lymphocytes after in vitro treatment with acid mucoproteins from human serum.

Seromucoproteins from human serum were isolated by perchloric acid extraction followed by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ion exchange chromatography. The in vitro pretreatment of spleen leukocytes with this fraction caused a dose-dependent inhibition of graft-versus-host reaction as well as an increase of their electrophoretic mobility, the viability being maintained. On contrary, the pretreatment of mice (prospective spleen cell donors of recipients of sheep red blood cells) with human seromucoproteins had no effect on the gvh-reaction as well as on the agglutinin formation to sheep red blood cells under the given conditions. It is supposed that the suppressive effect after in vitro pretreatment may be attributed to a coating effect of seromucoproteins. The fact that spleen cells pretreated in vitro with seromucoproteins are lysed in presence of complement and antiseromucoprotein antiserum supports our opinion. These findings as well as data from the literature support the hypothesis that local concentrated mucoproteins in the skin graft bed in cases of protractedly surviving skin grafts, in the placenta, and on neoplastic tissues can influence unspecifically the immune response. We hope that the understanding of this mechanism may open new possibilities in prolonging allograft survival time.

Animals↗