Biomedical subjects

G M Paccola

Publications and source records attributed to G M Paccola.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Peripheral glucose metabolism in patients with essential hypertension.

The present study was designed to determine the effect of essential hypertension on peripheral glucose metabolism during the postabsorptive state and after an oral glucose challenge. Ten normal subjects and nine patients with essential hypertension were studied after an overnight fast (12-14 h) and for 3 h after the ingestion of 75 g of glucose. Peripheral glucose metabolism was analyzed by the forearm technique to estimate muscle exchange of substrate combined with indirect calorimetry. Decreased forearm glucose uptake was observed in hypertensive patients compared to normal subjects (4.9+/-0.6 vs. 8.6+/-0.5 mmol x 100 ml forearm(-1) x 3 h(-1)) with diminished nonoxidative glucose metabolism (2.7+/-0.5 vs. 6.9+/-0.6 mmol x 100 ml forearm(-1) x 3 h(-1)). Muscle glucose oxidation did not differ significantly between groups. Both serum free fatty acid levels and lipid oxidation rates were similar in the normal subjects and the hypertensive patients, and declined in a similar fashion after glucose ingestion. Basal serum insulin levels did not differ significantly between normal and hypertensive patients, whereas the insulinemic response to glucose load was greater among the patients with essential hypertension. These data show that insulin resistance occurring in patients with essential hypertension is accompanied by impaired muscle glucose uptake and nonoxidative metabolism.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Effect of hemodialysis on peripheral glucose metabolism of patients with chronic renal failure.

Glucose intolerance has been shown in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), probably associated with insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. The present study was thus designed to investigate the effect of hemodialysis on peripheral muscle glucose metabolism of patients with CRF. Nine normal subjects and 6 patients with CRF were studied after an overnight fast (12-14 h) and during 3 h after ingestion of 75 g of glucose. Peripheral glucose metabolism was analyzed by the forearm technique to estimate the muscle exchange of substrates combined with indirect calorimetry. The CRF patients were studied before and after at least 1 month of hemodialysis treatment. Plasma glucose levels (arterial and venous) were higher in uremic patients before dialysis than in normal controls. After the dialysis therapy there was improvement in the glycemic profile of the CRF patients. Decreased forearm muscle glucose uptake was observed in the uremic patients before dialysis compared to the normal subjects (234 +/- 71 vs. 858 +/- 52 mumol/100 ml forearm . 3 h, p < 0.05) with diminished nonoxidative glucose metabolism (128 +/- 78 vs. 686 +/- 58 mumol/100 ml forearm . 3 h, p < 0.05). After the hemodialysis treatment of the CRF patients, the forearm glucose uptake and the nonoxidative glucose metabolism increased significantly to values of 527 +/- 64 and 384 +/- 87 mumol/100 ml forearm . 3 h, respectively. Muscle glucose oxidation did not differ significantly between normals and CRF patients before and after dialysis, as well as the serum insulin levels. These data demonstrate that insulin resistance in the presence of chronic uremia is accompanied by impaired muscle glucose uptake and nonoxidative glucose metabolism, which are significantly improved by the hemodialysis treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Peripheral glucose metabolism in human hyperprolactinaemia.

OBJECTIVE: Prolactin has important biological actions in several species which include metabolic control and water/electrolyte balance. However, human PRL has generally been characterized as a mammotrophic hormone and it is unknown whether PRL has any important metabolic actions. This study was thus conducted to evaluate the effect of hyperprolactinaemia on peripheral muscle glucose metabolism. DESIGN: The study was designed to determine forearm muscle glucose uptake and utilization (oxidative and non-oxidative metabolism) in normal and hyperprolactinaemic subjects in the post-absorptive state and for 3 hours after the ingestion of 75 g of glucose. Peripheral glucose metabolism was analysed by the forearm technique to estimate muscle exchange of substrates combined with local indirect calorimetry. PATIENTS: Eight hyperprolactinaemic patients (HP group, 6 females and 2 males) and ten normal subjects (N group, 7 females and 3 males) were studied. The hyperprolactinaemic patients showed no clinical or laboratory evidence of acromegaly or hypothyroidism and were not using any PRL releasing drugs. MEASUREMENTS: Forearm blood flow was measured by capacitance plethysmography and arterial and venous blood samples were drawn simultaneously to determine plasma glucose, serum FFA, total blood CO2 and O2 and serum insulin in the post-absorptive state (0 time) and at 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after glucose ingestion. RESULTS: No significant difference in glucose uptake by the forearm muscle tissue was observed between the N and HP groups (823 +/- 103 vs 828 +/- 110 mumol/100 ml forearm 3 h, respectively), nor were any significant differences observed in the intracellular utilization of glucose (oxidative and non-oxidative metabolism). However, the serum insulin levels after glucose ingestion were significantly higher in hyperprolactinaemic patients than in normal subjects, especially at 30 (N 283 +/- 46 vs HP 581 +/- 133 pmol/l) and 60 minutes (N 291 +/- 37 vs HP 544 +/- 61 pmol/l). Furthermore, after glucose ingestion the suppression of serum FFA levels was smaller in the hyperprolactinaemic patients than in normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that insulin resistance is associated with the presence of spontaneous human hyperprolactinaemia. The hyperinsulinaemia detected in the hyperprolactinaemic patients after the oral glucose stimulus did not determine a proportional increase in forearm glucose uptake and utilization, which were similar to the normal levels. The suppression of serum free fatty acid concentrations was also smaller in hyperprolactinaemic patients during the oral glucose challenge, suggesting an impaired antilipolytic effect of insulin.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Peripheral glucose metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure.

The present study was designed to determine the effect of chronic renal failure on forearm muscle glucose uptake and oxidation during the postabsorptive state and after an oral glucose challenge. Twelve normal subjects and sixteen patients with chronic renal failure were studied after an overnight fast (12-14 h) and for 3 h after the ingestion of 75 g of glucose. Peripheral glucose metabolism was analyzed by the forearm technique to estimate muscle exchange of substrate combined with indirect calorimetry. Decreased forearm glucose uptake was observed in uremic patients compared to normal subjects (91.5 +/- 11.4 vs 154.8 +/- 7.8 mg 100 ml forearm-1 3 h-1) with diminished nonoxidative glucose metabolism (69.4 +/- 12.1 vs 117.2 +/- 12.8 mg 100 ml forearm-1 3 h-1). Muscle glucose oxidation did not differ significantly between groups. Both serum free fatty acid levels and lipid oxidation rates were similar in the normal subjects and the uremic patients, and declined in a similar fashion after glucose ingestion. Basal serum insulin levels did not differ significantly between normal and uremic patients, whereas the insulinemic response to glucose load was greater among the patients with chronic renal failure. These data show that insulin resistance occurring in patients with chronic renal failure is accompanied by impaired muscle glucose uptake and nonoxidative glucose metabolism.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Androgen-related effects on peripheral glucose metabolism in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

The study was designed to investigate the influence of androgens on peripheral glucose metabolism in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Nine normal women and seven women with CAH were studied (4 with the classical form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency [C 21-OH] and 3 with nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency [NC 21-OH]). The study was performed using the forearm model combined with local indirect calorimetry. The insulin level reached 30 minutes after glucose ingestion was significantly greater (p < .05) in patients with CAH. The patients with C 21-OH had elevated androstenedione (A) and testosterone (T) and low DHEA-S and presented a 35% greater insulin response to a glucose stimulus than the control group, area under the curve (AUC) of 9457 +/- 887 vs 6989 +/- 833 microU/ml.3 hours. Patients with NC 21-OH had slightly elevated T, A and DHEA-S and presented an insulin response that was similar to the control group, AUC = 7208 +/- 1935 microU/ml.3 hours. Despite the greater muscle mass of the patients with CAH the forearm glucose uptake during the three hours of the study was lower in these patients than in normal women (CAH = 100.9 +/- 10.0 vs control group = 132.5 +/- 21.2 mg/100 ml forearm). The ratio of insulin response to the increment of forearm glucose uptake over a period of 3 h was significantly higher in patients with CAH (control group = 59.6 +/- 6.5 vs CAH = 98.6 +/- 19.4 microU.ml-1/mg.100 ml forearm-1, p < 0.05). These results suggest that insulin sensitivity is decreased in patients with CAH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗

PubMed1992

Peripheral glucose metabolism in patients with insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans.

The present study was designed to determine forearm muscle glucose uptake and oxidation during the postabsorptive state and after an oral glucose challenge in patients with type A insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. Nine normal subjects and six acanthotic patients were studied after an overnight fast (12-14 h) and during 3 hours after ingestion of 75 g of glucose. Peripheral glucose metabolism was analysed by the forearm technique to estimate muscle exchange of substrate combined with indirect calorimetry in forearm. Two patients (1 and 6) with insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans had impaired glucose tolerance. All other patients and normals revealed normal glucose tolerance during the tests. Decreased forearm muscle glucose uptake was observed in patients 1 and 6 compared to normal subjects (6.3 and 51.1 vs 127.7 +/- 10.1 mg/100 ml forearm.3 h, respectively). Decreased forearm muscle glucose oxidation was also observed in patient 1 as well as in patient 3 who showed normal glucose tolerance. Serum FFA levels were elevated in patient 1 but not in patient 3 and in the other acanthotic patients compared to the normal subjects. Serum insulin levels were significantly higher in acanthotic patients than in normals before and after glucose loading. The results of the present study revealed that two of six patients with type A insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans who exhibited glucose intolerance also showed a decrease in peripheral muscle glucose uptake and nonoxidative glucose metabolism. Another patient (3) with normal glucose tolerance showed impaired muscle glucose oxidation but unaltered muscle glucose uptake and nonoxidative metabolism during the 3 hours of study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acanthosis Nigricans↗

PubMed1992

Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

We determined the serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in 15 nondiabetic healthy subjects and in 36 insulin-dependent (type I) diabetic outpatients. The mean (+/- SD) annual fasting plasma glucose, urine glucose and HbA1 levels of the diabetic group were 179 +/- 71 mg/dl, 13.0 +/- 13.2 g/day and 12.3 +/- 1.3%, respectively. The mean serum TNF concentration measured by immunoradiometric assay of the diabetic group (8.6 +/- 1.9 pg/ml) was significantly higher than healthy controls (6.9 +/- 0.9 pg/ml). Within the diabetic group, there was no correlation between serum TNF levels and either duration of diabetes or indices of metabolic control. However, serum TNF levels progressively increased from the well to the poorly controlled diabetic groups: 8.1 +/- 1.5 (G), 8.2 +/- 1.4 (F) and 9.4 +/- 2.4 (P) pg/ml, respectively, which parallel levels of HbA1 (%): 8.4 +/- 2.4, 11.7 +/- 1.8 and 14.6 +/- 1.2, respectively. Serum TNF levels of the diabetic patients with chronic complications (N = 7, 9.5 +/- 2.3 pg/ml) and without complications (N = 29, 8.4 +/- 1.7 pg/ml) were statistically higher than control subjects. The progressive increase of the serum TNF levels from the well to the poorly controlled diabetic groups suggests a relationship between levels of this cytokine and protein glycosylation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Peripheral glucose metabolism in acromegaly.

The present study was designed to determine the effect of chronic GH excess on forearm muscle glucose uptake and oxidation during the postabsorptive state and after an oral glucose challenge. Nine normal subjects and 10 nondiabetic acromegalic patients (5 of them with normal glucose tolerance) were studied after an overnight fast (12-14 h) and for 3 h after the ingestion of 75 g glucose. Peripheral glucose metabolism was analyzed by the forearm technique to estimate muscle exchange of substrate combined with indirect calorimetry. Decreased forearm glucose uptake was observed in the acromegalic patients compared to that in the normal subjects (380 +/- 84 vs. 709 +/- 56 mumol/100 mL forearm.3 h) with diminished nonoxidative glucose metabolism (262 +/- 81 vs. 572 +/- 53 mumol/100 mL forearm.3 h). The acromegalics with normal glucose tolerance also showed decreased forearm glucose uptake and nonoxidative glucose metabolism compared to normal subjects (271 +/- 124 vs. 709 +/- 56 and 133 +/- 110 vs. 572 +/- 53 mumol/100 mL forearm.3 h, respectively). Muscle glucose oxidation did not differ significantly in normal subjects, the entire group of acromegalic patients, and the acromegalics with normal glucose tolerance (137 +/- 18 vs. 118 +/- 22 vs. 138 +/- 34 mumol/100 mL forearm.3 h, respectively). Serum FFA levels and lipid oxidation rates were similar in the normal subjects and the acromegalic patients, and declined in a similar fashion after glucose ingestion. Insulin levels were significantly higher in acromegalic patients than in normal subjects before and after glucose loading. In conclusion, this study showed that the insulin resistance occurring in the presence of chronic GH excess is accompanied by impaired muscle glucose uptake and nonoxidative glucose metabolism, which are early derangements because they are also observed in acromegalic patients with normal glucose tolerance.

Acromegaly↗

PubMed1990

Peripheral glucose metabolism in human hyperthyroidism.

The present study was designed to determine the effect of spontaneous hyperthyroidism on the forearm muscle glucose uptake and oxidation during the postabsorptive state and after an oral glucose challenge. Ten normal subjects and 11 hyperthyroid patients were studied after an overnight fast (12-14 h) and for 3 h after ingestion of 75 g glucose. Peripheral glucose metabolism was analyzed by the forearm technique to estimate muscle exchange of substrate combined with indirect calorimetry. Increased forearm glucose uptake was observed in the hyperthyroid patients compared to that in the normal subjects (1286 +/- 212 vs. 677 +/- 88 mumol/100 mL forearm.3 h) with enhanced glucose oxidation (443 +/- 40 vs. 147 +/- 29 mumol/100 mL forearm.3 h). Nonoxidative glucose metabolism was also greater in hyperthyroid patients than in normal subjects (842 +/- 234 vs. 529 +/- 90 mumol/100 mL forearm.3 h). Basal serum FFA levels were significantly higher in hyperthyroid than in normal subjects (0.252 +/- 0.025 vs. 0.182 +/- 0.022 g/L), as were the basal lipid oxidation rates in the forearm muscles of the thyrotoxic individuals (0.290 +/- 0.066 vs. 0.088 +/- 0.016 mg/100 mL forearm.min). After glucose ingestion, serum FFA levels and lipid oxidation rates declined significantly to equivalent values in both groups of subjects, and the similar basal insulin concentrations increased to significantly higher levels in the hyperthyroid patients. In conclusion, spontaneous human hyperthyroidism increases glucose uptake by the forearm muscles in the postabsorptive state and during an oral glucose challenge, with augmented fluxes of glucose through the oxidative and nonoxidative pathways.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1989

Effect of oral glucose on peripheral muscle fuel metabolism in fasted men.

1. The metabolic adaptations of peripheral muscle during a 5-day "modified" fast (daily oral intake of 200 g of glucose) were studied in 12 normal males. The volunteers were studied initially after receiving a balanced 2,400-kcal diet for at least 3 days (S1) and then after 5 days of modified fast (S2). The forearm muscle exchange of energy substrate (glucose) and the carbohydrate and lipid oxidation rates in muscle were measured during the postabsorptive state (S1) and after an oral glucose challenge (S2). 2. Glucose intolerance was not observed in either situation. Arterial glucose levels increased from a basal value of 83 mg/100 ml to 171 mg/100 ml in S1 and to 187 mg/100 ml in S2 at 30 and 60 min, respectively, and returned to basal values at 180 min in both studies. Increased forearm glucose uptake was observed in S2 compared to S1 (121.7 +/- 17.1 vs 92.6 +/- 12.0 mg 100 ml forearm-1 3 h-1), with decreased glucose oxidation (23.8 +/- 3.7 vs 30.4 +/- 4.7 mg 100 ml forearm-1 3 h-1) and increased glucose storage (98.0 +/- 16.6 vs 62.2 +/- 10.8 mg 100 ml forearm-1 3 h-1) as muscle glycogen. 3. Basal serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels were significantly more elevated in S2 than S1 (1030 +/- 95 vs 657 +/- 59 mumol/l; P less than 0.05) but were markedly reduced by glucose ingestion in both studies (352 +/- 33 (S2) vs 364 +/- 30 (S1) mumol/l at 120 min). Basal FFA oxidation was similar in both studies (0.091 +/- 0.015 (S1) vs 0.105 +/- 0.019 (S2) mg 100 ml forearm-1 min-1) and decreased significantly 3 h after glucose ingestion only in S1 (0.030 +/- 0.010 (S1) vs 0.078 +/- 0.020 (S2) mg 100 ml forearm-1 min-1; P less than 0.05). 4. The insulin response to oral glucose was similar in both studies (11,060 +/- 899 (S1) vs 11,078 +/- 918 (S2) microU ml-1 3 h-1), but the peak concentration occurred later (60 min (S2) vs 30 min (S1] and basal levels were significantly lower in S2 compared to S1 (9.2 +/- 1.7 vs 11.1 +/- 1.5 microU/ml; P less than 0.05). 5. These data show that the metabolic adaptations of normal subjects to a 5-day "modified" fast (daily oral intake of 200 g glucose) were increased muscle uptake of glucose, with reduced glucose oxidation and increased glucose storage in the form of muscle glycogen.

Fasting↗

PubMed1987

The role of the autonomic nervous system in the resting tachycardia of human hyperthyroidism.

The mechanisms that control resting heart rate in hyperthyroidism were evaluated in six patients before and after treatment with propylthiouracil. The patients were subjected to pharmacological blockade under resting conditions in two experimental sessions: first session, propranolol (0.2 mg/kg body weight); second session, atropine (0.04 mg/kg body weight) followed by propranolol (0.2 mg/kg body weight). All drugs were administered intravenously. Resting heart rate was significantly reduced from 100 +/- 6.5 beats/min to 72 +/- 2.5 beats/min (P less than 0.005) after clinical and laboratory control of the disease. After double blockade, intrinsic heart rate was reduced from 105 +/- 6.8 beats/min before treatment to 98 +/- 6.0 beats/min after treatment (P less than 0.025). The reduction in heart rate caused by propranolol was not significantly different before (-13 +/- 1.4 beats/min) and after (-9 +/- 1.0 beats/min) propylthiouracil. In contrast, atropine induced a higher elevation of heart rate after treatment (45 +/- 8.6 beats/min) than before treatment (26 +/- 4.0 beats/min). The present results suggest no appreciable participation of the sympathetic component of the autonomic nervous system in the tachycardia of hyperthyroidism, at least under the conditions of the present study. The small change observed in intrinsic heart rate, although significant, seems to indicate that this is not the most important mechanism involved in this tachycardia. Our results suggest that an important reduction in the efferent activity of the parasympathetic component participates in the mechanisms that modify resting heart rte in hyperthyroidism.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of 50 and 100 g glucose loads on peripheral muscle glucose metabolism in normal man.

The present study was designed to determine the effects of 50 and 100 g glucose loads on forearm muscle glucose uptake, oxidation and nonoxidative glucose metabolism in normal man. Ten healthy male subjects were studied during the postabsorptive state (12-14 h overnight fast) and for 3 hours following glucose ingestion. Peripheral glucose metabolism was analysed by the use of the forearm technique to estimate muscle exchange of substrate combined with indirect calorimetry. Greater forearm muscle uptake and nonoxidative metabolism of glucose were observed in the subjects during the G.100 study than during the G.50 study (G.100 = 178.9 +/- 19.7 and 155.3 +/- 23.0 vs 103.5 +/- 16.6 and 85.2 +/- 16.7 mg/100 g forearm muscle. 3 h, respectively). the muscle glucose oxidation did not show significant difference after the two glucose loads. Insulin levels reached after 100 g glucose ingestion were significantly higher than after the 50 g glucose load. In conclusion, this study revealed a dose-dependent metabolic response in the muscular tissue of normal subjects to oral glucose loads of 50 and 100 g, with respect to forearm muscle glucose uptake and nonoxidative glucose metabolism. The oxidative responses of the muscle tissue to the oral glucose challenges seem not to be directly proportional to the ingested meals.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sex-related differences in peripheral glucose metabolism in normal subjects.

The metabolic response of muscle tissue to glucose ingestion was studied in 10 normal men (M) and women (F) by using the forearm balance technique and indirect calorimetry simultaneously. During the 3 hours after a 75 g--oral glucose load, glucose uptake per unit muscle mass was significantly higher in women than in men, F = 187.3 +/- 26.9 vs M = 116.7 +/- 9.5 mg/100 g forearm muscle (P less than 0.05). A significant difference in muscle glucose fate was also observed since the amount of glucose utilized through a nonoxidative pathway was significantly higher in women, F = 84.5 +/- 2.6% (161.8 +/- 27.3 mg/100 g forearm muscle) vs M = 75.3 +/- 2.2% (87.2 +/- 8.6 mg/100 g forearm muscle) (P less than 0.05), whereas the amount of glucose oxidized in relation to glucose uptake was significantly higher in men, M = 24.7 +/- 2.2% (28.2 +/- 3.2 mg/100 g forearm muscle) vs F = 15.5 +/- 2.6% (27.8 +/- 5.4 mg/100 g forearm muscle) (P less than 0.05). No significant differences in insulin response to glucose ingestion were detected between groups. The women showed greater suppression of serum free fatty acids (FFA) levels in relation to basal levels than men. We conclude that: 1) after ingesting 75 g glucose, normal women showed greater glucose uptake per unit muscle mass than normal men, 2) for 3 hours after the ingestion of 75 g glucose, the predominant tendency toward utilizing glucose by a nonoxidative pathway is more marked in normal women than in normal men, and 3) the higher glucose uptake per unit muscle mass in the female group in the presence of an insulin response not significantly different from that of the male group suggests that muscle insulin sensitivity is greater in normal women.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Type 2 diabetic patients in a population sample from Ribeirão Preto area (São Paulo)].

To characterize the prevalence of long term diabetic complications (macroangiopathy, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and their possible relation to the degree of metabolic control and duration of diabetes, we studied a hospital-based brazilian population sample of 546 non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. The group was subjected to a standardized evaluation protocol, including clinical characterization of the patients and their disease, current therapy, degree of metabolic control and presence of diabetic complications. The studied sample is of adult age range (25 to 84 years), with mean duration of diabetes of 8.0 +/- 6.8 years. Obesity was observed in 72.6% of the group and 232 patients (43.3%) had diabetics among their relatives. 92 (18.4%) patients have been treated with diet only, whereas 170 (32.6%) also used oral hypoglycemic agents, and 226 (43.7%) were using NPH insulin therapy (81.4% with single daily dose). The mean annual levels of fasting blood glucose (187 +/- 68mg/dl), urine glucose (9.6 +/- 16.7g/day) and glycosylated hemoglobin (12.2 +/- 3.3%) of the group, permitted a classification of the patients in: a) good metabolic control (106 pat. = 19.4%); b) regular control (264 pat. = 48.4%) and c) poor metabolic control (176 pat. = 32.2%). The prevalences of microvascular and neuropathic complications was: retinopathy = 29.1%, nephropathy = 11.3% and neuropathy = 50.9%. The observed increase in the prevalence of the complications was progressive according to the duration of the diabetes. In all time intervals of duration of diabetes, neuropathy was the most frequently observed complication. The prevalence of complications was always higher in the poorly controlled group compared to the patients in good metabolic control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of glucose ingestion on peripheral glucose metabolism in normal man.

This study was designed to determine the forearm exchange of energetic substrates (glucose and free fatty acids) and the carbohydrate and lipid oxidation rates of normal individuals, in the postabsorptive state and after an oral glucose challenge. Seventeen healthy male volunteers were studied after an overnight fast (12-14 h) and during 3 hours after ingestion of 75 g of glucose. The forearm glucose uptake rate reached the maximum at 60 minutes (0.935 +/- 0.098 mg/100 ml of forearm.min), while 114.9 +/- 9.4 and 90.1 +/- 8.4 mg/100 ml of forearm were the total and incremental peripheral uptake of glucose in 3 hours of study, respectively. After the ingestion of 75 g of glucose, an increase in the oxidation rate of this hexose was observed, corresponding to an increment in the basal oxidation of 21.0 +/- 2.6 mg/100 ml of forearm in 3 hours. The arterial and venous plasma levels of free fatty acids decreased significantly after the glucose meal, associated with a decrease in the lipid oxidation rate. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that, in normal subjects after ingestion of 75 g of glucose, 30.3 +/- 2.1 g (40.4% of the ingested load) of this substrate were processed by the skeletal muscle in the body as a whole and 8.1 +/- 0.6 g were oxidized in this tissue during 3 hours.

Adult↗