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Biomedical subjects

G M Prelević

Publications and source records attributed to G M Prelević.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Blunted prolactin response to metoclopramide in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with secondary amenorrhoea.

In order to investigate the dopaminergic activity in diabetic women with secondary amenorrhoea we studied the response of prolactin to a dopamine receptor antagonist metoclopramide (MTC - 10 mg i.v.) in three groups of women: 5 insulin-dependent diabetic women with secondary amenorrhoea, 5 insulin-dependent diabetics with normal menstrual cycles and 6 non-diabetic women with regular cycles. Patients with diabetes and secondary amenorrhoea had significantly lower basal LH levels (P less than 0.001) and FSH levels (P less than 0.005) than normally cycling diabetic women. Basal and metoclopramide stimulated prolactin levels were lower in diabetic women with secondary amenorrhoea compared to normally cycling diabetics and control subjects. Evaluation of C-peptide levels in peripheral blood revealed that all amenorrheic diabetics had no endogenous beta cell function while diabetic women with normal cycles (except 1 patient) had preserved residual pancreatic beta cell secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Acute effects of L-dopa and bromocriptine on serum PRL, LH and FSH levels in patients with hyperprolactinemic and normoprolactinemic polycystic ovary syndrome.

We have investigated the importance of the dopaminergic control of gonadotropin secretion by studying LH, FSH and PRL responses to L-dopa and bromocriptine in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Both L-dopa and bromocriptine administration were followed by a statistically significant decrease in LH in the hyperprolactinemic PCO patients (compared to the normoprolactinemic subgroup - p less than 0.01 and control group - p less than 0.05); the decline was proportional to the basal level of LH. A significant positive correlation between basal LH levels and maximum net decrease of LH was observed after administration of both agents (p less than 0.01). Although both subgroups of PCO patients showed a similar decrease in PRL levels it was statistically significant only in the normoprolactinemic patients (p less than 0.01). Prolactin sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of bromocriptine and L-dopa showed a significant correlation with the basal PRL level (p less than 0.01). The response of serum FSH was variable and not significant. These results suggest that a reduction of an inhibitory influence of hypothalamic dopamine might be a cause of inappropriately elevated LH and PRL levels found in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperprolactinemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Pancreatic beta cell function in polycystic ovary syndrome: its relationship to body weight, serum testosterone and serum prolactin levels.

Circulating levels of insulin and C-peptide in response to oral glucose administration (75 g) were measured in 25 PCOS patients (13 were obese and 12 non-obese) without acanthosis nigricans and in 12 non-obese normal cycling women of similar age. Fasting levels of insulin and C-peptide as well as the sums of their levels in response to glucose were significantly greater in PCO patients than in controls despite similar glucose responses. Obese PCO patients had greater basal levels, maximum increments and sums of insulin and C-peptide levels than non-obese PCO patients and controls. PCO patients with increased basal total testosterone levels had significantly greater mean fasting insulin levels (p less than 0.005) than those with normal testosterone levels but their responses to glucose were not significantly different. Hyperprolactinaemic PCO patients had neither basal level nor sums of insulin and C-peptide levels in response to glucose greater than normoprolactinaemic PCO patients. In all PCO patients BMI correlated significantly with insulin (p less than 0.05) and C-peptide levels (p less than 0.001). Total serum testosterone levels correlated significantly with fasting levels and the sum of C-peptide levels in response to glucose. The correlations of total serum testosterone levels with fasting and the sum of insulin levels in response to glucose were also positive but not significant. These results clearly indicate that in PCOS there is a significant degree of hyperinsulinaemia which is mainly related to obesity.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1987

Delayed-type allergy against various insulin preparations including human semisynthetic insulin.

The authors present a patient with delayed-type allergy against insulin preparations of different species including highly purified monocomponent insulin and human semisynthetic insulin. Positive results for cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity and for lymphocyte blastogenesis suggested a type IV immunopathogenic reaction. Intradermal tests performed with various components of insulin preparations revealed delayed-type allergy to insulins of different species (bovine, porcine and human) but not to any of the other components.

Drug Hypersensitivity↗
PubMed1986

Cushing's syndrome--transitory immune deficiency state?

A 28 year old female patient with Cushing's syndrome due to an adrenal adenoma also suffered from recurrent urinary infections (proteus), tonsillitis (streptococcus), permanent candidiasis and perimandibular abscess (Staphylococcus pyogenes). Suppression of cellular and humoral immunity was confirmed by in vitro tests. After successful right adrenalectomy the clinical signs of Cushing's syndrome disappeared and no evidence of either bacterial or fungal infection were noted one year postoperatively. Immunological tests showed the restitution of both cellular and humoral immunity. The course of the disease in the patient supports the idea that Cushing's syndrome might be considered as a transitory immune deficiency state.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

Renovascular hypertension associated with bilateral aldosteronoma.

The authors present a 35-year-old male patient with renovascular hypertension caused by the stenosis of both renal arteries of the right kidney. Two years after the diagnosis of hypertension was made, an endarterectomy was performed but a successful correction of the upper stenotic artery was not achieved. During the next 2 years the hypertensive disease was uncontrollable with antihypertensive medications and gradually entered into a malignant phase. In addition to the atrophy of the right kidney, an adenoma of the left adrenal gland was revealed (19.75 g) which was operated on. Left adrenalectomy had only a transitory benefit on blood pressure level. Five months later an adenoma of the right adrenal gland was diagnosed and together with the ischaemic right kidney was operated on (right adrenalectomy and nephrectomy) which definitely cured the hypertension. The chronological sequence of events and the course of the disease in the patient point to the possibility that long-standing hyper-reninaemia, due to renal ischaemia, may cause the development of multiple bilateral adrenocortical adenomas and that secondary aldosteronism may transform into primary.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Testosterone levels after bromocriptine treatment in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis.

Seventeen out of 34 male patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis had increased basal plasma prolactin levels (mean = 1344 +/- 1158.76 mU/L). Seven of these 17 patients having the greatest degree of erectile impotence were treated with 3.5 to 7.5 mg/day of bromocriptine. After a 4-week treatment period, basal plasma prolactin levels in all seven patients were within normal limits (mean = 210.2 +/- 66.97 mU/L). The treated patients reported an improvement in both libido and potency. At the same time, an increase in plasma testosterone levels was observed, while plasma LH and FSH levels were essentially unchanged.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of hyperprolactinemia on biohumoral parameters of bone metabolism in women of reproductive age on chronic hemodialysis].

The study was carried out on a group of 20 women in reproductive age on chronic haemodialysis and on a control group of 11 healthy women. The women on a regular haemodialysis were divided into two subgroups: normoprolactinaemic and hyperprolactinaemic. The following parameters of bone metabolic changes were studied: serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, pharathormon, osteocalcin, calcitonin, and also LH, FSH, prolactin and estradiol. The values of serum Ca, P, AP, PTH, CTC, OS and of LH and FSH were significantly higher in women on haemodialysis. The hyperprolactinaemic women on haemodialysis had lower values of bone metabolic parameters than normoprolactinaemic women. Hyperprolactinaemia did not significantly contribute to acceleration of bone metabolic changes which were already very accelerated due of secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Postmenopausal osteoporosis--definition, pathogenesis, prevention and therapy].

Osteoporosis represents one of the major health and socioeconomic problems of the modern society. Although numerous risk factors have been identified in the last decade, the pathogenesis of the disorder has not been elucidated yet. However, recent advances in the understanding of the biology of bone as well as the possibility to measure bone mass from the basis for better understanding of the of the pathogenesis of the disorder. In this review article the author discusses current hypotheses of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis with particular view to the role of estrogen deficiency, the role of calcitonin and possible involvement of other hormones and local factors. Histomorphometric studies have shown that osteroporosis is heterogenecus disorder which might explain different results obtained with different therapeutic approaches. It is well accepted that prevention of osteoporosis is more successful and therefore more important than treatment once the bone loss has occurred. In this review the author discusses primary role of estrogen replacement in the prevention of osteoporosis as well as the results of either preventive or therapeutic trials with different medications such as calcium, calcitonin, sodium fluoride and biphosphonates.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunoglobulin levels in seminal plasma of oligospermic patients.

The levels of immunoglobulins in the seminal plasma of healthy males were compared with those of oligospermic patients. The results show markedly increased levels of IgG in oligospermic patients. The presence of IgM, which has not been detected in the seminal plasma of healthy males, was estimated in some of the oligospermic patients. The authors recommend this simple screening test to be carried out in every male infertility follow up.

Autoimmune Diseases↗