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Biomedical subjects

G M Richardson

Publications and source records attributed to G M Richardson.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Nursing assessment: impact on type and cost of interventions to prevent pressure ulcers.

OBJECTIVE: To describe pressure ulcer preventive interventions and their cost, and to compare the preventive intervention use and cost with level of risk. DESIGN: Comparative, descriptive design. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: A large midwestern Veteran's Affairs Medical Center with 260 long-term care beds. Thirty-one chair- or bed-bound residents from 1 long-term care unit comprised the study sample. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome variables included demographic information (patient record), Braden Risk Assessment score, institutional risk assessment score (Pressure Ulcer Risk Tool), type and frequency of preventive interventions, and the related costs. METHODS: Subjects were assessed on a weekly basis for type and frequency of preventive intervention and for the development of a pressure ulcer. Each subject was observed until death, discharge, pressure ulcer formation, or the end of the 3-month study period. RESULTS: The 3-month pressure ulcer incidence rate was 13%. All subjects were at risk for pressure ulcer development according to Braden scores; whereas only 74% were assessed at risk with use of the facility's risk assessment tool. Preventive measures included regular repositioning (87%); 67% were placed on mattress support surfaces. There was no relationship between level of risk (facility risk tool score) and type of prevention used. The total cost of pressure ulcer prevention to the nursing unit was $14,926, representing a mean of $497 per subject, and $5.55 per subject per day. CONCLUSION: As compared with previous studies, the higher cost of prevention described in this study may be attributed to inadequate linkage of preventive interventions to risk level.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for migraine headaches: a minimal-therapist-contact approach versus a clinic-based approach.

The efficacy of a clinic-based cognitive-behavioral program for the treatment of common migraine was compared to the same approach using a minimal-therapist-contact format by means of a randomized controlled trial. Forty-eight subjects between 18 and 50 years of age completed the program. Following four weeks of recording headache activity, subjects were randomly assigned to a waiting list control condition or to one of the two treatment conditions. Treatment was followed by four weeks of recording of headache activity immediately posttreatment and again six months later. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant reduction in headache frequency, duration and peak intensity following treatment for both treated groups. These reductions were maintained at six months follow-up. Treatment for the minimal-contact group was significantly more cost-effective than for the clinic group.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Tissue distribution of 14C-labeled residues of aminocarb in brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus Le Sueur) following acute exposure.

Young brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus) were exposed to aminocarb (4-dimethylamino-3-methylphenyl N-methylcarbamate) at lethal and sublethal concentrations and the tissue distribution of total unspecified residues was examined. The concentration of residues in each tissue increased with the concentration of exposure. The liver and stomach/intestine accumulated the largest concentrations of residues of all the tissues studied except for the abdominal fat deposit, which could not be evaluated at all exposure concentrations. These two tissues also displayed a steady increase in the proportion of the total body burden of aminocarb residues during 4 days of exposure to 0.092 mg aminocarb/liter. The proportion of residues in the carcass at this level of exposure decreased steadily over this same period, but was more similar to that found during exposure at the two lethal concentrations (92.7 and 159.3 mg/liter) as opposed to that found at the intermediate, nonlethal exposure level of 41.1 mg/liter. For all tissues examined, the concentration of residues at the end of 4 days of exposure to 0.092 mg/liter was significantly lower than the peak concentration reached during the exposure period, and clearance of residues was found to be relatively rapid.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Acute toxicity, uptake, and clearance of aminocarb by the aquatic isopod, Caecidolea racovitzai racovitzai.

Acute toxicity of aminocarb to the aquatic isopod Caecidolea racovitzai racovitzai was found to be proportional to exposure temperature with the potency of the insecticide increasing 1.3 to 5.2 times when the temperature was increased from 12 to 20 degrees C. The 96-hr LC50 values were determined to be 36.1 and 12.0 mg aminocarb/liter for 12 and 20 degrees C, respectively. Uptake and clearance of aminocarb by C. r. racovitzai were also shown to be proportional to temperature indicating that they may be active processes. Control of clearance may be a function of the rate of metabolism of aminocarb in vivo. Both uptake and clearance were shown to occur in two compartments.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Estimating fish consumption rates for Ontario Amerindians.

The routine assessment of human exposure to contaminants requires that exposure via consumption of freshwater fish be considered because many chemicals persist and/or bioaccumulate in fish. Estimates of fish consumption rate were determined for Ontario Amerindians from data on the concentration of mercury in the hair of 4,327 Amerindians residing in 58 reserves across the province, combined with data on mercury concentrations in three commonly consumed species of fish collected from lakes surrounding these reserves. Estimated rates of fish consumption were found to differ between sexes, with males consuming a geometric mean of 19 g of fish per day, while females were estimated to consume a geometric mean of 14 g/day. Fish consumption rate was found to increase with increasing latitude, a surrogate measure of community isolation, and to increase with age. Seasonal variation was also noted, with fish consumption rates being highest during summer months and lowest in winter. These data may provide regulatory agencies with a more statistically representative basis upon which to establish assumptions concerning fish consumption rates for risk assessment purposes. Factors such as the location of the exposed population, age and sex of exposed individuals, and time of year in which an assessment is being conducted, should also be considered as specific situations require.

Adolescent↗