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G M Scalarone

Publications and source records attributed to G M Scalarone.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Development of a comparative dot ELISA for the detection of antibodies in blastomycosis.

We present a preliminary study utilizing an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibodies in blastomycosis using nitrocellulose membrane as the solid support. The comparative dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CDE) utilizing Blastomyces dermatitidis, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Coccidioides immitis antigens allows rapid screening of specimens and determination of a serum profile with respect to anti-Blastomyces antibodies. Sensitivity (76% or greater) and specificity (approximately 12% crossreactivity) determinations indicated that this visual assay may be an alternative antibody detection method for blastomycosis or other systemic fungal diseases.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1987

Lack of antibody induction following skin testing with histolyn-CYL: ELISA determinations with Histoplasma capsulatum yeast and mycelial phase antigens.

No significant increases in antibody levels (IgG, IgM) were detected when serum specimens obtained from individuals exhibiting a positive skin test to the Histoplasma capsulatum yeast phase reagent, Histolyn-CYL, were assayed by the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using yeast and mycelial phase antigens.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1987

Use of a urease-antibody conjugate in an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of blastomycosis.

A urease-antibody conjugate was used in an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies in blastomycosis. A Blastomyces dermatitidis immunodiffusion antigen was used as the reference antigen in a solid phase indirect ELISA procedure and the endpoints were determined visually. Urease ELISA results on serum specimens from patients with blastomycosis compared favorably (90%) with results obtained spectrophotometrically by the alkaline phosphatase enzyme system. Specificity was evaluated with assays on sera from patients with histoplasmosis (20% cross reactivity), coccidioidomycosis (0% cross reactivity) and on Histoplasma capsulatum skin-test positive individuals (0% cross reactivity). The ease of performance of the urease ELISA combined with no requirements for specialized spectrophometric equipment are factors that favor the continued development of the test as an alternative serodiagnostic method. The assay may prove to be useful and a valuable adjunct to fungal antibody screening procedures.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1985

Lack of antibody induction by Histolyn-CYL, a new skin-testing reagent for histoplasmosis.

Histolyn-CYL, a yeast phase skin-test reagent, was administered to 85 histoplasmin-sensitive subjects living in the United States and South America. In a multicenter study, sera were obtained at the time the skin tests were read and again 3 weeks later. In no instance did the skin test induce significant complement-fixing antibody changes or antibodies detected by immuno-diffusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Immunodiffusion studies on the antigens of Histoplasma capsulatum: comparison of mycelial histoplasmin with the yeast phase reagent Histolyn-CYL.

Immunodiffusion assays were performed to determine if H and M antigens associated with mycelial histoplasmin were present in the yeast phase reagent, Histolyn-CYL (H-CYL). Neither H nor M antigens could be detected in H-CYL. However, when H-CYL was reacted against human histoplasmal sera a positive reaction was evidenced in all instances in which a response was elicited with a reference mycelial immunodiffusion reagent.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1983

Circling syndrome and inner ear disease in mice infected intraperitoneally or intravenously with Coccidioides immitis spherule-endospore phase cultures.

Infection was studied in mice with varying doses of spherule-endospore phase cultures of Coccidioides immitis, administered intraperitoneally, intravenously and intranasally. Stain 46 was compared with strain Silveira. The first of these is relatively avirulent in the mycelial phase, the second, rather virulent. Animals were observed for acute death and for circling. Gross and microscopic pathology was studied in mice sacrificed at appropriate intervals after infection. Numbers of fungi were assayed in spleen, lung, kidney, liver, blood, brain, and ear tissue. Strain 46 endospores administered intraperitoneally in doses from 9 X 10(6) to 2.5 X 10(7) produced a high incidence of 'circling syndrome' ataxia attributable to inner ear disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The use of Histolyn CYL in an enzyme immunoassay to detect Histoplasma capsulatum antibodies.

Histolyn CYL, the yeast phase reagent, has been employed as the antigen in an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) to detect antibody to Histoplasma capsulatum in sera from experimentally sensitized rabbits and from humans with histoplasmosis. Three different lots of Histolyn CYL were initially evaluated with respect to antibody detection in individual and pooled rabbit serum specimens. Optimal reactivity was obtained with 4.5 micrograms (total dry weight) per ml of lots 2 and 3 of the reagent. The optimally diluted pooled reagent detected antibody titers ranging from 1:16 to 1:8192 in 36 rabbit sera. In contrast, a marked decrease in sensitivity was evidenced when the same sera were assayed by complement fixation and immunodiffusion tests with commercially available reference reagents. Complement fixation titers ranged from 0 to 1:128 and immunodiffusion tests on undiluted sera were positive with only 5 specimens. Twenty-five sera from patients with acute, chronic and disseminated histoplasmosis were also assayed by the ELISA with the reagent described above. Titers ranged from less than 1:16 to 1:20,480 or greater. Complement fixation titers ranged from 0 to 1:1024 (mycelial antigen) and from 0 to 1:256 (whole yeast cell antigen). No antibody was detected in 7 specimens with mycelial antigen or in 3 specimens with the yeast cell antigen. Immunodiffusion tests on undiluted sera were positive with 9 of 11 specimens. Minimal cross reactivity was evidenced when Histolyn CYL was used in the ELISA to detect anti-Coccidioides immitis antibody in sera from infected animals and humans. These data encourage the continued development of this method for the serodiagnosis of human histoplasmal infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Histoplasmin-CYL, a yeast phase reagent in skin test studies with humans.

A yeast phase histoplasmin, designated CYL, was studied in 156 humans living in areas of the United States endemic for histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, or both fungal entities. Comparisons were made with Food and Drug Administration reference mycelial histoplasmin. Among persons without concurrent spherulin sensitivity, reactor rates and sizes were the same with both reagents. Some persons with spherulin sensitivity reacted only to the mycelial reagent. Histoplasmin-CYL skin tests did not induce significant changes in complement-fixing antibody in histoplasmin-reactive subjects.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1978

Delayed hypersensitivity responses of experimental animals to histoplasmin from the yeast and mycelial phases of Histoplasma capsulatum.

Controlled yeast lysate (CYL) and controlled mycelial lysate (CML) histoplasmins were produced from Histoplasma capsulatum grown in a nutritionally lean, chemically defined medium. The lysates were assayed for skin-test activity in guinea pigs sensitized by infection with the homologous organism. In some studies, nonliving vaccine preparations were employed also. Inter-lot biological variation was minimal, and 20 lots of the CYL reagent elicited strong dermal reactions with high specificity. Further, CYL reagents were nonreactive in guinea pigs infected with Coccidioides immitis, whereas the commercial Food and Drug Administration preparations cross-reacted to some degree. The CML histoplasmins were generally less reactive than the CYL preparations and exhibited somewhat more inter-lot variation in sensitivity and specificity. No correlation between potency and protein:polysaccharide ratios were observed with either reagent. An intradermal test with the CYL reagent did not induce significant changes in the complement-fixing titer of sensitized guinea pigs. Such changes in sensitized animals were elicited by a skin test with commercial histoplasmin.

Animals↗
PubMed1969

Effect of histoplasmosis on antibody response to an erythrocyte antigen.

Infection of mice with Histoplasma capsulatum depressed their ability to form agglutinins against foreign erythrocytes. Animals previously inoculated with 10(8) yeast cells of H. capsulatum showed the most significant depression, occurring when erythrocytes were injected 8 days after infection. The average log(2) hemagglutinin titer was 2.7 compared to 8.0 for the control (noninfected) group. In general, depression of hemagglutinin response in all infected mice was greatest 8 days after infection, but response was back to near normal after 16 days and stayed at that level for the remaining time tested (24 days).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Turbidometric characterization of the postantifungal effect: comparative studies with amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine and miconazole on Candida albicans.

The phenomenon of persistent suppression of Candida albicans yeast cell growth after short drug exposures (postantifungal effect, PAFE) was determined by performing comparative studies using different concentrations of 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), amphotericin B (AMPH) and miconazole (MCZ). An in vitro turbidometric method was used to measure cell growth and to quantitate the PAFE after removal of the drug by dilution following exposure to C. albicans yeast cells for 0.5 h, 1 h or 2 h. The PAFE was determined by the difference in time (h) required for growth of the control and test cultures to increase to the 0.5 absorbance level following removal of the antifungal agent. A PAFE was demonstrated with each agent and generally the length of the PAFE was dependent upon the concentration of the drug and the time of exposure. An exposure time of 0.5 h resulted in PAFEs ranging from 0.6 to 16.7 h with 5-FC, 0 to 16.5 h with AMPH and 0.1 to 14.1 h with MCZ. In most instances exposure of the cells to each drug for 1 or 2 h resulted in slightly longer PAFEs, respectively. Longer PAFEs were induced with lower concentrations of 5-FC as compared to AMPH and MCZ. The data from such PAFE assays may be useful for determining in vivo treatment regimens, since longer PAFEs may allow for intermittent dosing instead of continuous drug administration.

Amphotericin B↗