Clinical anxiety and conformity.
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Anxiety↗
Biomedical subjects
G M Vaughan
Publications and source records attributed to G M Vaughan.
Elevated blood pressure after pinealectomy in the rat.
Previous observations have suggested a role for the pineal gland in regulation of blood pressure. To investigate this possibility, pinealectomy was performed in prepubertal (43-day-old) and postpubertal (55-day-old) male rats. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured by the tail cuff method in conscious pinealectomized (Px) and sham pinealectomized (ShPx) rats at various times. In the 3 weeks following surgery, the BP increase after Px was twice that after ShPx (p less than 0.05). During administration of 1% saline as the sole fluid source from day 96-123, hypertension (BP greater than 150 mmHg) was observed in those animals Px at day 43 (p less than 0.05 vs ShPx) but not in those Px on day 55. Moreover, saline consumption was increased in the hypertensive group compared to ShPx controls. There was no significant difference in mean body weight or heart rate between Px or ShPx groups. These data suggest that pinealectomy in the prepubertal period may result in a tendency to hypertension, measurable in conscious rats, which is unmasked by saline administration.
Animals↗
Interactions of thyroid hormones and catecholamines in severely burned patients.
A prospective study of thyroid function was performed in 20 thermally injured patients. Serum levels of free thyroxine (FT4) and free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (FT3) were measured in 10 patients (mean age, 34 years; mean burn size, 56%) studied during a period of clinical deterioration and in 10 patients of comparable age and burn size who were clinically stable. Both FT4 and FT3 values were significantly lower in the unstable patients, P less than .01. All FT3 values for the unstable patients, 193 +/- 14 pg/dl (mean +/- SE), were beneath the normal range for FT3, 230-669 pg/dl. Interactions of thyroid hormone and catecholamines were assessed in eight additional burned patients (mean age, 31 years, mean burn size, 57%). Plasma norepinephrine correlated negatively with serum T3 (r = -.70; P less than .01). A similar reciprocal relationship was described for plasma epinephrine and serum T3 (r = -.56; P less than .025). The reciprocal relationship described for serum T3 and plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine is consistent with that of similar observations in states of clinical hypothyroidism. In conclusion, the observations of suppression of free thyroid hormone with clinical deterioration and of a reciprocal relationship between T3 and catecholamines suggest that the critically ill burned patient may be chemically hypothyroid; this may be an adaptive response to assumption of metabolic control by the sympathetic nervous system and does not result from caloric deprivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Hormonal changes following burns: an overview with consideration of the pineal gland.
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Burns↗
Improved control of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus by combined halofenate and chlorpropamide therapy.
Combined halofenate-chlorpropamide was evaluated for the treatment of NIDDM. Four subjects treated with 500 mg/day chlorpropamide were given 500-1000 mg halofenate daily for 48 wk or longer. Fasting plasma glucose fell from 210 +/- 16 (+/- SEM) (11.67 +/- 0.89 mM) to 107 +/- 10 mg/dl (+/- SEM) (5.94 +/- 0.55 mM), P less than 0.005. Twelve additional subjects were entered into a 16-wk double-blind study testing chlorpropamide plus either placebo or halofenate. In the halofenate group, the mean fasting glucose fell from 227 +/- 27 (+/- SEM) (12.61 +/- 1.50 mM) and reached 107 +/- 19 mg/dl (+/- SEM) (5.94 +/- 1.06 mM) during the fourth month, whereas the placebo groups showed a decrease from 242 +/- 22 (+/- SEM) to 208 +/- 29 mg/dl (+/- SEM) (P less than 0.005). In addition, halofenate reduced the height of postprandial glycemic excursions by lowering fasting plasma glucose. When halofenate was used as the only therapy, reduction in fasting plasma glucose was small [179 +/- 12 reduced to 142 +/- 8 mg/dl (+/- SEM); 9.94 +/- 0.67 mM and 7.89 +/- 0.44 mM], P less than 0.05.
Blood Glucose↗