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Biomedical subjects

G M Young

Publications and source records attributed to G M Young.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Status epilepticus in children. The acute management.

Status epilepticus is a common pediatric emergency that may result in significant morbidity and mortality. This article provides a clinical update on generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus in children and a practical approach to their initial stabilization and pharmacologic management. Only an organized approach to the initial stabilization and management of the child in status epilepticus will help prevent unnecessary complications and death.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Silver nitrate burns following treatment for umbilical granuloma.

Three infants treated for umbilical granuloma with silver nitrate suffered chemical burns to the periumbilical area which prompted visits to the emergency department. Treatment was conservative, and the outcome was good in all cases. We recommend caution when applying silver nitrate to the umbilicus, careful drying of the umbilical exudate to prevent spillage, and discussion with parents that burns may occur but apparently are not serious. The possibility of secondary infection is discussed.

Burns, Chemical↗
PubMed1992

Prospective randomized double-blind study comparing L-epinephrine and racemic epinephrine aerosols in the treatment of laryngotracheitis (croup).

Aerosolized racemic epinephrine, but not L-epinephrine, is commonly used in treating croup. The efficacy and adverse effects of nebulized racemic and L-epinephrine in the treatment of laryngotracheitis were compared. Children 6 months to 6 years of age with a croup score of 6 or above were assigned in a randomized double-blind fashion to receive either racemic (n = 16) or L-epinephrine (n = 15) aerosols. Croup score, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, fraction of inspired oxygen, and oxygen saturation were recorded before treatment and at 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the aerosol. Patients in both groups showed significant transient reduction of the croup score and respiratory rate following the aerosol (P less than .001), but there were no differences between treatment groups when croup score, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate were assessed over time. It is concluded that L-epinephrine is at least as effective as racemic epinephrine in the treatment of laryngotracheitis and does not carry the risk of additional adverse effects. L-Epinephrine is also more readily available worldwide, is less expensive, and can be recommended for this purpose.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1991

Image enhancement for the visually impaired. Simulations and experimental results.

Digital image enhancement has been proposed as an aid for the visually impaired. The capability of two enhancement techniques to improve recognition of images by patients with central scotoma or cataracts was evaluated using image-processing simulations and direct patient testing. Enhancements and simulations were based on measurements of contrast sensitivity loss for patients with macular disease. Contrast sensitivity loss was measured using Gabor-type localized stimuli and paradigms that are appropriate for analyzing form perception. The simulations using the contrast sensitivity data suggested that patients with moderate visual loss (20/70-20/200) may have difficulty recognizing faces and may benefit from enhancement by both of the techniques used. Ability to recognize celebrities from enhanced images improved for 39 of the 46 patients tested. The improvement was significant (P less than 0.05) for 16 of the 38 patients with central visual loss and for 3 of 8 patients with anterior segment media opacities tested. The simulations suggest that the benefits of image enhancement may be similar or even greater for recognition of other types of images.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Visual results and complications after retinal reattachment in the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. The influence of operative technique.

The authors compare the complications and visual results encountered in a consecutive series of 16 eyes undergoing retinal reattachment surgery for retinal detachment associated with the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Eight eyes were treated with scleral buckling, vitrectomy, and cryotherapy with or without gas injection. Eight consecutive eyes (with one exception) were treated by the combination of vitrectomy, gas injection and laser photocoagulation with or without primary lensectomy and not subjected to scleral buckling as a primary procedure. The final reattachment rate was 93.8% (15 of 16 eyes) with no significant difference between the primary scleral buckle group (87.5%) and the non-buckle group (100%). Retinal reoperation and complication rates were higher in the primary buckle group and final visual acuities better in the non-buckle group despite comparable preoperative characteristics.

Adolescent↗