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Biomedical subjects

G M Zharinov

Publications and source records attributed to G M Zharinov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Combined use of local and systemic radiomodifiers as a new modality of cervical carcinoma therapy].

A cooperative study included 643 cervical carcinoma patients (stage II-III). Radiotherapy used such local and systemic radiomodifiers as DMSO-dissolved metronidazole, which inhibited allopurinol DNA reparations, and dipyridamol, an inductor of interferon synthesis. A 13-15% rise in survival matched the results of combined treatment for cervical carcinoma, yet the simplicity of operation, accessibility, high efficiency and stability of results of our modality made it quite competitive in therapy of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Combined radiotherapy and endovascular x-ray therapy for invasive cancer of the urinary bladder].

The data are presented on treatment of 131 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Radiotherapy was received by 57, regional intraarterial chemotherapy (RIAT)--27. Radiotherapy was combined with RIAT and selective hyperglycemia (HG) in 18 cases. Local super high-frequency (SHF) hyperthermia was given additionally to another 29 patients. Radiotherapy alone was followed by primary clinical cure, a 9.6-months relapse-free period and 3-months survival (36.8%), mean survival time being 26 months. In the RIAT group, these indices were 29.6%, 10.8 mos, 51.9% and 36 mos, respectively. Combination of radiotherapy, RIAT and selective HG yielded significantly improved indices: complete response--44.4%, relapse-free period--13.6 mos, 3-year survival--66.7% and mean survival time--43 mos. After addition of SHF hyperthermia, complete response rose to 69.0%, relapse-free period--18.2 mos, 3-year survival--75.8% and mean survival time--61 mos. Joint use of radiotherapy, RIAT, HG and SHF hyperthermia caused more damage to tumor, stimulated complete response and increased 3-year survival and mean survival time.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Preliminary results of selective combined therapy for patients with urinary bladder cancer].

The paper discusses the methods of complex treatment for invasive bladder cancer which includes radiation therapy, regional intraarterial chemotherapy with cisplatin drugs, selective hyperglycemia and local SHF-hyperthermia. Complete local response was reported in 18 (56%) out of 32 patients with stage II-IV tumors, partial--8 (25%), no response--6 (19%). The method appeared effective and safe; it offers good perspectives in bladder cancer treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Parametric survival analysis in patients with cervical cancer following fractionated radiotherapy: a new procedures and results].

A recent theoretical result of Kendal (1998) enabled us to develop a survival model which allows for proliferation of tumor clonogenic cells in the course of fractionated radiotherapy. We explored this model during an analysis of clinical data on survival of 982 patients with cancer of the cervix uteri. The model provided a good description of survival patterns in different groups of patients. The estimated cure probability did not correlate with the rates of cell proliferation between exposures to radiation. Also, our results showed that this parameter cannot be estimated from survival data. Some light has been thrown on the relationship of cell proliferations taking place between exposures, on the one hand, and end-results of treatment for cancer of the cervix uteri, on the other.

Dose Fractionation, Radiation↗
PubMed1997

Response to radiotherapy of human uterine cervix carcinoma is not correlated with rearrangements of the Ha-ras-1 and/or c-myc genes.

An association between the presence of the activated form of Ha-ras-1 and c-myc genes and increased cellular radioresistance has been shown in several cell lines. The aim of this study was to determine whether such an association could be observed in clinical tumour biopsies. We examined 70 tumour specimens and 51 samples of peripheral blood obtained from untreated patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix mainly stage II and III. In addition to initial clinical tumour response to radiotherapy, radiosensitivity was also analysed by the subrenal capsule assay (SRCA). Mutations in exons 1 and 2 of the Ha-ras-1 gene were examined using PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and direct sequencing; and restriction fragment length polymorphism of the Ha-ras-1 gene was analysed using Southern hybridisation. Eight (11%) out of 70 tumours contained mutations in exons 1 and 2 of the Ha-ras-1 gene. Eleven (22%) out of the 51 tumours displayed rearrangements of the Ha-ras-1 gene (six tumours (12%) showed alterations of allele length, one amplification and four (8%) loss of one Ha-ras-1 allele). In addition, 12 (17%) out of 70 patients demonstrated the presence of rare alleles. Only one of the 70 tumours contained an amplified c-myc gene. There was no significant correlation between either rearrangements of the structure of the Ha-ras-1 and/or c-myc genes or presence of rare alleles in tumours and tumour response to radiotherapy.

Alleles↗
PubMed1996

[Arterial embolization in chronic hemorrhage from uterine neoplasms].

Transcatheter embolization of the internal iliac arteries because of chronic bleeding from unresectable carcinoma of the uterus was performed in 8 patients aged 36-67. Hemorrhage was brought under control in all cases by application of a spectrum of procedures: bilateral combined, distal and proximal occlusion using autoblood clots, Gelfoam, Ivalon and steel coils although there was one recurrence 5 months after treatment, no bleeding occurred during an 11 month-4 year follow-up. Trancatheter embolization proved effective in the management of chronic bleeding from unresectable carcinoma of the uterus.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A possible approach to the task of the individual choice of treatment for cancer patients].

A procedure for choosing treatment for a cancer patient is suggested. The method was developed on the basis of data of a retrospective analysis of patient characteristics, type and results of treatment. It suggests the use of a computer and is aimed at assessment of a conventional function of survival for each treatment modality, comparison of these functions and choosing optimal therapeutic regimen with regard to patient characteristics. A method for experimental testing of the above procedure that does not require clinical trials is described.

Decision Making, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical studies of radiation-sensitizing effects of metronidazole in patients with cancer of the uterine body].

The local use of MZ solved in DMSO makes it possible to reach high MZ concentrations (by order 6000-8000 mu g/g) in tumor tissue in the absence of a toxic effect of the drug resulting from its small doses. The results of investigation of radiation pathomorphosis show that the local use of MZ solved in DMSO enhances the damaging effect of radiation on a tumor. Some traits revealed in MZ diffusion (a raised concentration at the serous membrane) must undoubtedly lead to increased efficacy of radiation exposure in zones, responsible for local therapeutic failures. It will permit a considerable increase in the efficacy of radiation therapy of patients with cancer of the uterine body.

Dimethyl Sulfoxide↗
PubMed1989

[Effectiveness of radiotherapy of patients with cancer of the cervix uteri at the Central Research Roentgeno-Radiological Institute of the USSR Ministry of Health].

The results of radiation treatment for cervical cancer obtained at the Institute Clinic are discussed. Modification-free irradiation was given to 205 patients. Five-year survival was 94 +/- 4% in stage I, 83 +/- 3%--II and 38 +/- 9% in stage III tumor. Dimethylsulfoxide was administered to prevent radiation injury in 48 patients. Radiation injury to the bladder and rectum was observed in 4.9% of cases for each site whereas in controls the indexes were 6.3 and 13.6%, respectively. In 84 patients, dimethylsulfoxide was used in combination with metronidazole to potentiate radiation damage to tumor. This was followed by a significantly more rapid regression of neoplasms. Two-year survival rate in cases receiving topical treatment with both drugs was 75% while in controls--43%.

Dimethyl Sulfoxide↗
PubMed1989

[The rate of tumor growth and cell loss in cervical cancer].

Time of tumor volume doubling, mitotic index and share of pathologic mitoses were identified in 61 patients with squamous-cell cervical tumors and the importance of cell loss evaluated. Tumor doubling time ranged 58-1500 days (average 314 +/- 37); mitotic index--0.1-3.7% (average 1.07 +/- 0.07%); percentage of pathologic mitoses 1-89% (average 28.9 +/- 1.6%); cell loss--92.0-99.9% (average 98.2 +/- 0.2%). Cell loss was found to be significantly different in groups of patients characterized by different rates of tumor growth and was directly proportional to tumor doubling time. There were no significant differences in mitotic index or pathologic mitosis share in groups with different rates of tumor growth. It is suggested that cell loss is determined by the tumor-bearer's antitumor systems to a considerable degree.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1988

[Optimization of the intracavitary irradiation of patients with cancer of the endometrium].

Twelve variants of uterine cavity structure were defined on analysis of 52 hysterocervicograms performed in patients with cancer of the uterine body. Using the method of linear programming, the most effective schemes for the location of radiation sources were proposed to ensure optimum dose distribution in intracavitary irradiation. Sources I and II were the main contributors to dose distribution. The use of sequential radiation sources was appropriate in considerable sizes of the uterine cavity. In a spherically shaped uterine cavity dose distribution could be ensured by using only one source, located in the center.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1988

[Comparison of survival curves based on a model of proportional risks].

Regression analysis of proportional risks was adapted to a two-tailed test for comparing survival of cancer patients. The method allowed both testing the hypothesis on the difference between two survival functions and evaluation of the degree of the difference. The method was applied to data on survival of patients with cancer of the cervix uteri following radiation treatment.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1987

[Parametric analysis of the survival of cancer patients based on the results of radiation therapy of cervical cancer patients].

An approach based on the parametric distribution of the life span of tumor-bearing individuals was suggested for the analysis of cancer patients survival. Two groups of patients with cancer of the cervix uteri were identified on the basis of the pre-treatment data (before radiation therapy) on rates of tumor growth. Kinetic curves for tumor growth were constructed using the said distribution procedure as well as the data on survival in each study group. Mean values of the coefficient of critical increase of tumor cells were obtained. The interpretation of clinical data in terms of kinetic characteristics of tumor process provides a better understanding of the causes underlying differences in survival of various groups of cancer patients.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗