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Biomedical subjects

G Müller

Publications and source records attributed to G Müller.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Lasers in pediatric surgery.

During the last few years the laser has become a very interesting instrument in pediatric surgery. This is the result of the wide variation in tissue interactions and the possibility of specific applications. The CO2 laser is a highly precise cutting instrument whereas the argon laser has its great advantage in the treatment of superficial vascular anomalies. The most important laser in pediatric surgery is the Nd:YAG laser, on the one hand because its radiation can be transmitted by fibres, on the other because with the relationship between interaction time and power density, and the choice of application, it is possible to change the tissue interaction from precise cutting to specific coagulation and homogeneous coagulation. As a result, indications for lasers in pediatric surgery range from the treatment of superficial haemangiomas to typical endoscopic procedures and the resection of parenchymatous organs and tumours.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Ribonucleoparticle-independent transport of proteins into mammalian microsomes.

There are at least two different mechanisms for the transport of secretory proteins into the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum. Both mechanisms depend on the presence of a signal peptide on the respective precursor protein and involve a signal peptide receptor on the cis-side and signal peptidase on the trans-side of the membrane. Furthermore, both mechanisms involve a membrane component with a cytoplasmically exposed sulfhydryl. The decisive feature of the precursor protein with respect to which of the two mechanisms is used is the chain length of the polypeptide. The critical size seems to be around 70 amino acid residues (including the signal peptide). The one mechanism is used by precursor proteins larger than about 70 amino acid residues and involves two cytosolic ribonucleoparticles and their receptors on the microsomal surface. The other one is used by small precursor proteins and relies on the mature part within the precursor molecule and a cytosolic ATPase.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

[Osteoporosis and pre- and postpartal heparin therapy].

Multiple vertebral compression fractures occurred in the 33rd week of pregnancy in a breast-feeding mother receiving heparin (20,000-25,000 units/die over 5 months), for deep vein thrombosis. Osteoporosis under heparin therapy is a rare complication and this diagnosis was not made despite obvious clinical signs. It follows from this observation, that heparin therapy should be substituted by oral anticoagulant therapy and discontinued directly after delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Toxicokinetics of tumor promoters of mouse skin. I. Metabolism of phorbol and ingenol esters by mouse liver microsomes.

The metabolism of ten selected phorbol esters and of one ingenol ester was investigated in mouse liver microsomes fortified with cofactors. The major metabolites were generated by an esterolytic activity in the microsomes. The following 12,13-diesters were cleaved readily to yield the 13-monoesters: 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, phorbol-12,13-dipropionate, bis(13-O-acetylphorbol)-12, 12'-tetradecanedioate, phorbol-12,13-dibenzoate; the monoesters 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol and 3-O-tetradecanoylingenol yielded the corresponding parent alcohols. Other 12,13-di- or 13-monoesters such as 'inverse TPA', i.e. 12-O-acetylphorbol-13-tetradecanoate, phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, 12-O-retinoylphorbol-13-acetate, phorbol-13-decanoate and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-4 alpha-phorbol-13-acetate were either comparatively or completely resistant to esterolysis. The data indicate that metabolism of diterpene esters depends on the nature and position of the acyl moiety, as well as on the structure of the diterpene moiety. The esterolytic activity in mouse liver microsomes can be inhibited by i.p. administration of bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate to mice. Evidence for other relevant metabolic pathways besides esterolysis was lacking.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Erythropoietin for the treatment of anemia of malignancy associated with neoplastic bone marrow infiltration.

This clinical trial was performed to study the effects of intravenously (IV) administered recombinant human (rh) erythropoietin (EPO) at escalating doses (150, 300, and 450 U/kg, administered as an IV bolus injection, twice weekly, for 6, 4, and 4 weeks, respectively) in five patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Ig NHL) and bone marrow involvement and one patient with multiple myeloma (MM). All patients were anemic due to underlying disease. None of the patients had a history of bleeding, hemolysis, renal insufficiency, or other disorders causing anemia in addition to bone marrow infiltrating malignancy. Endogenous EPO serum levels were significantly increased in all patients (74 to 202 mU/mL). Five patients (one MM, four small-cell lymphocytic [SCLC] NHL) showed a dramatic increase of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hk) and RBC count becoming obvious on the second EPO dose level. Initial ferritin serum values, which were high mostly due to polytransfusion, were significantly reduced in responding patients. Erythropoiesis of one patient with extensive follicular mixed (fm) NHL did not respond to EPO treatment. Platelet (PLT) count increase (greater than 75% above starting levels) during and following EPO therapy was observed in one patient with MM. Adverse events due to EPO therapy have not been recorded. These findings point out a previously unrecognized capacity of EPO given at pharmacologic doses to stimulate erythropoiesis in patients with anemia due to bone marrow infiltration by neoplastic lymphocytes in spite of enhanced endogenous EPO expression.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[The clinical rheological laboratory].

To quantify the fluidity of blood it is not suitable to measure whole blood viscosity as blood is no Newton's fluid. For this reason, it is necessary to measure characteristic blood flow parameters direct. This study presents methods of measurement for plasma viscosity, haematocrit, thrombocyte aggregation, erythrocyte rigidity, erythrocyte aggregation and leukocyte adhesivity.

Blood Viscosity↗
PubMed1990

[Error analysis, biological modification factors and variance of peri-ungual video-capillary microscopy].

Error analysis or the evaluation of the precision of microscopic measurements must distinguish between technical errors inherent in the measuring system, and biological variability. The technical error inherent in the overall system in the case of linear measurements is smaller than the lengths to be measured by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude. Thus, the erythrocyte column lengths can be correctly, reproducibly and linearly quantified over the entire measuring range. The biological influencing factors can largely be taken into account or excluded by suitable standardisation of the measuring process. Despite a considerable individual fluctuation in the erythrocyte velocity, there is, on average, no significant dependence of the measuring parameter within the daily profile or from day to day. Differences in capillary perfusion in the presence of diseases associated with microcirculatory disorders or a therapeutic influence on erythrocyte velocity can thus be reliably demonstrated.

Capillaries↗
PubMed1990

[Lysozyme in calves].

Relatively high lysozyme concentrations, depending on age, were recorded from intestinal content, spleen, liver, kidney, lung, lymph nodes, and mucosa of calves. Yet, only minor quantities of lysozyme were found in blood serum or plasma and in granulocytes. Physicochemical characterisation, precipitation, using polyclonal antisera, and crosswise neutralisation of lysis reaction were likely to suggest occurrence of immunological relationship reactions as well as differences between organ lysozymes, on the one hand, and intestinal lysozymes, on the other.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Nonactivatability of latent proteoglycanases in intact adult articular cartilage.

Para-aminophenylmercuric acetate activates collagenases and proteoglycanases in vitro only in cartilage plugs but not in intact articular cartilage. This suggests that activation of latent proteoglycanases is only possible after damage of the tissue's integrity. Therefore isolated plugs of cartilage seem not to be suitable for determining proteoglycan turnover. For these investigations we propose the use of intact joint areas from whole half-joints.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of local and systemic immunization of suckling pigs on bronchoalveolar clearance and on intrabronchial infections with Pasteurella multocida].

In vivo investigations of bactericidal bronchoalveolar clearance of weaning pigs locally or systemically immunized with Pasteurella antigens exhibited clearly distinctive results, as early as 3 days after the last immunization. They differed from controls by significant increase in the elimination of the homologous Pasteurella multocida A wild strain. That increase in the clearance remains for 21 days and is specific only to the immunized capsular type. There are no relations of this result to the cytological findings of the lavage fluids and to results of the intrabronchial challenge infection. Frequency and severity of pneumonias were reduced by as little as 3 aerogenic immunizations with Pasteurella mutants.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Carbon-based immunocytochemistry. A new approach to the immunostaining of epoxy-resin-embedded material.

A carbon-based immunocytochemistry (CarBIC) method, whereby the epoxy resin is completely removed from a section prior to immunocytochemistry (IC), is described. The resulting absence of embedding medium allows for an optimal access of both primary antibodies and marker systems to structures at various levels throughout the depth of the section. A carbon film evaporated onto the surface of the section before extraction of the resin forms a base to which the section adheres and maintains structural integrity during subsequent processing. The conventional and accepted electron microscopical (EM) appearance for epoxy-resin-embedded material is regained by re-embedding in Epon before contrasting in the normal manner. The technique is demonstrated using human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-infected human fibroblasts. HCMV+ serum is the source of primary antibodies and 10-nm protein A-gold (pA-G10) together with rabbit anti-human IgG + IgM is the marker for IC.

Carbon↗
PubMed1990

[Bactericides against Pasteurella multocida in whole blood, plasma and lung lavage fluid of untreated and immunized young swine and calves].

The investigation of bactericidal effects in the whole blood and plasma of young pigs and calves against Pasteurella multocida has shown that such effects only come into being or are activated during the direct interaction between the host and pasteurellae, with effects being increased in previously immunized animals. The same is true for the antibodies which are detectable by indirect haemagglutination. There is no bactericidal effect in the concentrated lung lavage fluid against pasteurellae.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Learning and retrieval are impaired after lesions of the ventral part of rat's nucleus reticularis pontis oralis.

Adult male hooded rats of the Long-Evans strain were investigated before and after lesions of the ventral nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (vRPO) in an open field test (OF) and in a Y-maze. The OF and the neurological findings were scarcely changed. Startle responses were strongly reduced and also horizontal head and body turning in the OF were significantly reduced. The retention of Y-maze avoidance tasks was reduced and relearning of the tasks relatively slow. Brightness discrimination remained unaffected by the lesion. The postoperative active avoidance learning of a new task in the jump test box was impossible. Postoperative learning of a thirst-motivated labyrinth task was significantly retarded compared with unoperated control rats. The vRPO lesion syndrome is quite different compared with 1 mm more dorsal (dRPO) and 1 mm more posterior (vRPC, dRPC) placed lesions and underlines the hypothesis of the functional heterogeneity of the pontine reticular formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Peri- and postoperative roentgen diagnosis following esophageal bypass operation].

Between 1981 and 1987, 53 of 102 patients with malignant diseases of the oesophagus underwent bypass surgery with gastric, colonic or jejunic interposition. To recognise the early or later complications, we used X-ray examination of the chest, water soluble contrast medium and barium meal, real-time sonography and CT. With these methods we found insufficiencies of anastomosis, stenosis, fistulae to the adjacent organs, necrosis, infections, erosions and ulcerations of the anastomosis, pleuropulmonary complications and metastases. Without of early complications were 30%, without of late complications only 8% of all patients.

Colon↗
PubMed1990

[Endoscopic-controlled laser lithotripsy of salivary calculi. In vitro studies and initial clinical use].

An in vitro study was performed to examine the application of a laser beam for the fragmentation of salivary stones. In accordance with the absorption and reflection spectra of sections of salivary stones, optimal fragmentation was achieved using a pulsed excimer laser with a pulse width of 60 ns and a wave-length of 308 or 351 nm. Further studies on particle size were conducted and a new "sialoendoscope" technique was developed. Twelve patients suffering from a sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland were treated. Under continuous endoscopic monitoring a laser-induced shock wave lithotripsy was performed. In 11 cases complete fragmentation and removal of the salivary stones was achieved. This approach to laser lithotripsy of salivary stones with endoscopic monitoring represents a novel method that permits treatment on an outpatient basis under local anaesthesia, with little inconvenience to the patient.

Calcium Phosphates↗