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Biomedical subjects

G Majone

Publications and source records attributed to G Majone.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Professionalism and nonprofit organizations.

Many professionals prefer to work in nonprofit organizations, rather than in either for-profit or bureaucratic organizations. This preference suggests that nonprofits may be successful in reducing the tension between professional principles and institutional requirements. Professionals in for-profit organizations must submit to the control of a manager who is motivated to overrule them whenever their decisions come into conflict with the goal of profit maximization. Bureaucratic organizations stress predictability of results and adherence to rules as the overriding criteria of evaluation and control. This paper argues that nonprofits are on the whole superior from the point of view of professional ideology and practice. Thus, given a commitment to the values of professionalism, the preference for the nonprofit form becomes understandable, even without the usual assumptions about income-maximizing behavior.

Health Facilities, Proprietary↗
PubMed1982

Prevention and health standards: American, Soviet, and European models.

This paper explores some significant sources of variation in the way health standards are derived and used in various countries: differences in biological and regulatory philosophies, in enforcement strategies, and in institutional arrangements. Such cross-national variations raise a number of questions about the process of standard-setting. Among the issues discussed here are the nature of the trade-off between long-run goals and feasibility criteria that merely codify current technical and economic practice, and the possibility of replacing statutory regulation by self-regulation and non-statutory codes and standards.

Environmental Health↗
PubMed1981

Reduced apoprotein B and increased lipoprotein turnover in cholesterol-fed rabbits after partial ileal bypass.

Plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels and composition of the very low-, low-, and high-density lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL, HDL) were studied in white New Zealand rabbits in the control state, 8 weeks after initiation of a 2% cholesterol-enriched diet, and sequentially for 16 weeks following a partial ileal bypass (PIB) procedure. Turnover and aortic uptake of 125I-labeled VLDL, obtained from the rabbits before and 16 weeks after PIB, were also analyzed. A significant reduction of plasma cholesterol from the postdiet levels to well below the prediet mean, despite continuation of the high cholesterol diet, followed PIB. A very early reduction of the apoprotein B percentage content in both VLDL and LDL was observed after the procedure, even when a relative cholesterol ester enrichment of these lipoproteins was still present. HDL cholesterol levels were somewhat lowered by the experimental diet and further reduced after PIB. 125I-labeled VLDL after PIB showed a reduced arterial uptake, as compared to the same lipoproteins from animals before PIB. These findings may provide an interpretation for the decreased atherogenesis after PIB.

Animals↗