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Biomedical subjects

G Margolin

Publications and source records attributed to G Margolin.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Analysis of the association between marital relationships and health problems: an interactional perspective.

This article reviews the evidence for a relationship between 3 types of marital variables (marital status, marital adjustment, and marital interaction) and health problems (etiology, course/outcome/treatment) as well as the effect that health problems have on marriage. The mechanisms responsible for these associations also are evaluated. The evidence suggest that marital variables affect health status but that the effect is indirect and nonspecific. The major explanatory model, the stress/social support hypothesis, has provided a broad conceptual framework rather than testable hypotheses. The results of the review suggest, however, that sufficient evidence exists for researchers to focus on exploring specific explanations. A hypothetical model is presented that includes interpersonal, intrapersonal, psychological, and physiological variables. This model is intended as a blueprint for exploration as well as a summary of available evidence.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Mothers' and sons' cognitive and emotional reactions to stimulated marital and family conflict.

This study examined cognitive and emotional reactions to family discussions as experienced by sons and mothers from homes with physically aggressive (PA), verbally aggressive (VA), and low-conflict (LC) marital relationships. Boys of PA couples demonstrated more self-interference, self-distraction, and arousal and less criticism than did other sons in reaction to stimulated parental conflict. Boys of LC parents were more optimistic about family conflict and articulated more ideas concerning family structure and how conflict "should" proceed than did other sons. PA mothers made more positive evaluations and offered more autocratic suggestions than did VA mothers. Also, LC mothers, compared with both conflictual groups, made more democratic statements in response to low-conflict situations. These results indicate that marital conflict experienced in the home may influence sons' and mothers' appraisals of family and marital interactions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Blood pressure lowering in elderly subjects: a double-blind crossover study of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

In 46 elderly (aged greater than or equal to 60 y) hypertensive subjects with entry systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than or equal to 160 or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg, our specific aim in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study (two 8-wk treatment periods separated by a 3-wk washout) was to compare blood pressure-lowering effects of 9 g fish oil/d [omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid] vs 9 g corn oil/d [omega-6 (n-6) fatty acid]. After a 4-wk baseline period, 22 subjects were randomly assigned to receive fish oil and 24 to receive corn oil. For both 8-wk treatments there were no between-group differences in the change in blood pressure. There was a treatment difference for standing DBP when baseline values were compared with those after treatment 2; DBP decreased by 5.1 mm Hg in the fish-oil group vs 0.72 mm Hg in the corn-oil group (P = 0.024). Within groups during the first treatment, both fish oil and corn oil lowered all four blood pressure measures (P less than 0.05); blood pressures were not further lowered during the second treatment compared with the washout period. There were no significant between-group differences in laboratory safety tests or categorical side effects. Fish oil lowered triglycerides by 0.47 mmol/L (P less than 0.001). In elderly subjects, diet plus both omega-3 and omega-6 supplements (9 g/d) safely and effectively lower SBP and DBP.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Parental communication deviance: its relationship to parent, child, and family system variables.

Audiotape recordings of family interaction samples from 30 nondistressed and 32 multiproblem families were coded for communication deviance (CD). Maternal CD was found to be higher in families high on measures of "preschizophrenic" child behavior, externalizing or "acting out" offspring behavior, overall family distress, and maladaptive marital and family alliance structures. Paternal CD was found to be higher in families in which offspring were rated high on externalizing behaviors.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1984

Patterns of alliances in nondistressed and multiproblem families.

The goal of this study was empirically to investigate differences between distressed and nondistressed families in the strength, patterning, and cross-situational consistency of alliances. Audiotapes were made of 12 distressed and 12 nondistressed families in two observational situations. The resultant interaction was then coded for family alliances by trained observers. Distressed families were characterized by low overall levels of alliance behavior, weakness in the marital alliance relative to other family alliances, and discrepancies in parental alliances with the target child. There were generally no differences between groups in the cross-situational variability of alliance strength or patterning. The results are discussed in relation to the predictions of structural models of family process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Children's perceptions of parental behaviors.

Children's perceptions of positive and negative parental behaviors were assessed using a newly-developed scale, the Parent Perception Inventory (PPI). Reliability and validity were examined across a sample of 75 children aged 5 to 13 using additional measures administered to the children and measures completed by their parents. The scale showed acceptable levels of internal consistency. No effects of children's age were apparent, but effects of the child's and parent's gender were found. Boys reported more positive parental behaviors, particularly for fathers, and children reported more negative (disciplinary) behaviors by mothers. PPI scores were predictably related to child's self-concept and behavior problems (convergent validity) and generally unrelated to measures of child's achievement (discriminant validity). As predicted by family systems theory, children from nondistressed families viewed their parents as behaving more similarly on the PPI than did children from distressed families.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of continuous time random walk theory to tracer test measurements in fractured and heterogeneous porous media.

We examine a set of analytical solutions based on the continuous time random walk (CTRW) approach, which can be evaluated numerically and used to analyze breakthrough data from tracer tests. Practical application of these solutions, with discussion of the physical meaning of the relevant model parameters, is emphasized. The CTRW theory accounts for the often observed non-Fickian (or scale-dependent) dispersion behavior that cannot be properly quantified by using the advection-dispersion equation. The solutions given here, valid for a wide range of dispersive behaviors of conservative tracers, and useful for both characterization and prediction, have been integrated into a library of external functions for use with the GRACE graphical display and analysis package. Example applications of these solutions are presented. The library and graphics software are freely accessible from a Web site.

Chemical Phenomena↗