PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Marklein

Publications and source records attributed to G Marklein.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Laboratory diagnostic possibilities in fungus infections in intensive care patients].

Severe yeast infections of intensive care patients are promoted by numerous predisposing factors among which antibacterial broad spectrum therapy plays an important role. Since typical clinical pictures are lacking, basic procedures of mycological diagnostics are culture and differentiation of yeast strains and detection of immunological reactions against yeast antigens as well. Among 200 intensive-care patients with suspected systemic mycosis, Candida albicans was the prevailing yeast, followed by Torulopsis glabrata and Candida krusei. In the immunocompetent patient, serological procedures discriminating between antibodies of the IgG and IgM class may be suitable for the surveillance of the course of the disease. - In early stages of endomycotic infections and in the immunocompromised host as well, detection of candida antigens by means of specific latex tests and the detection of yeast-specific metabolites (e.g. arabinitol) by gas chromatographic methods provide helpful tools in the diagnosis of severe opportunistic fungal infections.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1986

[Bacteria in the gallbladder wall and gallstones--indications for cholecystectomy].

After cholecystectomy the bacterial content of the bile, gallbladder wall and gallstones was studied in 40 patients. Bacteria could be found in 9 cases in the gallbladder wall, in 8 cases in the gallstones and in 3 cases in the bile. In chronic inflammatory thickened gallbladder wall bacteria were positive in 8 of 14 cases whereas in normal gallbladders bacteria were found only in 3 of 26 cases (difference statistically significant, P = 0.01). It is concluded that in gallstone disease bacteria are not only present in bile but also in the gallbladder wall and within the gallstones. As bacteria are mostly present in a gallbladder wall with chronical inflammatory changes a thickened gallbladder should be removed even in asymptomatic or slightly symptomatic cases of gallstone disease in order to prevent relapsing cholecystitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Antimicrobial chemoprevention in colorectal interventions: a single parenteral dose at the start of surgery is adequate].

The effectivity in reducing septic complications after colorectal operations of oral 1 g Neomycin plus 0.25 g Metronidazol t.i.d. on the last preoperative day vs. intravenous single dose 5 g Mezlocillin plus 0.5 g Metronidazole was tested by sequential medical plan. There was no statistically significant difference between both chemoprophylaxis groups (p = 0.10). It is concluded that the intravenous chemoprophylaxis should be preferred because of the lowest dosage and therefore the fewest side-effects.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental gallstone formation. Etiological significance of beta-glucuronidase producing bacteria and biliary obstruction].

Bile pigment gallstones were produced in six of six mongrel dogs by narrowing the cystic duct with ligature after a postoperative interval of seven days. beta-Glucuronidase producing group G Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus were found in the bile, the gallbladder wall, and the liver. In another trial similar gallstones were produced in four of eight dogs after mere injection of beta-glucuronidase producing Escherichia coli into the spleen resp. in six of eight dogs after injection of E. coli into the colon without ligature of the cystic duct. In an additional series gallstones were produced in six dogs after injection of beta-glucuronidase producing E. coli into the colon plus ligature of the cystic duct. The injected strain of E. coli was found in the bile, the gallbladder wall, the liver, and even within the produced gallstones. In a control group in none of six dogs gallstones were present. beta-Glucuronidase producing group G Streptococcus was found in the gallbladder of one dog, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in the gallbladder of another dog and Staphylococcus aureus in the liver and gallbladder wall of a third dog. We conclude from our experiments that merely bacterial infection of the biliary tract can lead to gallstone formation. The bacterial colonization of the liver and the biliary tract is promoted by biliary tract obstruction. beta-Glucuronidase producing bacteria increase the amount of beta-glucuronidase in the bile thus leading to calcium bilirubinate precipitation and gallstone formation by deconjugation of bilirubindiglucuronide.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Chemotherapy of listeriosis (author's transl)].

Despite the occasional lack of antibacterial activity ampicillin is considered to be the drug of choice for antibacterial chemotherapy in listeriosis. In vitro comparison with new penicillins (mezlocillin, piperacillin) and cephalosporins (cefamandol, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime) showed ampicillin to have the most potent activity against Listeria monocytogenes. Minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) were between 0.06 and 1 microgram/ml and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) from 0.25 to 32 micrograms/ml. The MIC90 (minimal concentration inhibiting 90% of tested strains) was 0.48 for ampicillin, 8.0 for mezlocillin and 5.2 micrograms/ml for piperacillin. Among cephalosporins cefalotin was most effective with an MIC90 of 5.8 micrograms/ml. The MIC90 was 7.8 for cefamandol and 89.6 micrograms/ml for cefoxitin. Cefuroxime and ecfotoxime had MIC values of more than 128 micrograms/ml and showed no clinically relevant anti-listeria activity. Gentamicin and doxycyclin showed MIC90 values of 12 and 8 micrograms/ml, respectively. MBC and MIC values were closest together in gentamicin. Ampicillin, potentially combined with gentamicin, should remain treatment of choice in generalised Listeria monocytogenes infection.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1981

[Septicaemia caused by Erwinia herbicola in an 8-year-old boy (author's transl)].

A child suffering from osteomyelitis of the left ankle developed fulminant septicaemia with repetitive isolation of Erwinia herbicola in pure culture. Plants are considered to be the primary source of the infective agent and lacerations as well as stab wounds from thorns might be the port of entry. The boy's septicaemia could be governed by parenteral therapy with tobramycin, cephalothin, and carbenicillin. In the course of his illness, the child has produced antibodies against the homologous Erwinia strain. Typical criteria allowing the identification and differential diagnosis against other Enterobacteriaceae are the lack of the amino acid decarboxylase and dihydrolase activities, the absence of H2S and indole production, the synthesis of a gelatinase and of a yellow pigment. It appears that, although classically thought of as plant pathogens, members of the Erwinia genus can produce infection in man. Therefore they should receive the same attention in hospital hygiene as other opportunistic human pathogens.

Carbenicillin↗
PubMed1981

[In vitro susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes with special reference to newer beta lactam antibiotics (author's transl)].

Minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal lethal concentrations (MLC) of ampicillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, cephalothin, cefamandole cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, gentamicin, and doxycycline against 44 strain of Listeria monocytogenes from clinical specimens were determined by broth dilution tests. With regard to the MIC90 and MLC90 values (concentrations which inhibited or killed 90 percent of the strains) ampicillin showed the greatest anti-listeric activity with 0,48 and 20,8 microgram/ml. The corresponding results for mezlocillin were 8,0 and 54,4 microgram/ml, for piperacillin 5,2 and 128 microgram/ml, resp. Among the cephalosporins, cephalothin showed the best activity (MIC90, 5,8 microgram/ml, MLC90, 76,8 microgram/ml). The MIC90 values of cefamandole and cefoxitin were 7,8 and 89,6 microgram/ml, resp. and the MLC90 was more than 128 microgram/ml while there was no clinically relevant activity of cefuroxime and cefotaxime (MIC90 more than 128 microgram/ml). The MIC90 and MLC90 results of gentamicin were 12 and 15,2 microgram/ml, resp, and those of doxycycline 8 and 25,6 microgram/ml, resp. There were only slight differences between gentamicin MIC and MLC values. Henceforward the drug of choice for the treatment of generalized listeric infections should be ampicillin eventually in combination with gentamicin.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1980

[Route of infection of the biliary tract: experimental evidence for an enterohepaticobiliary bacterial cycle (author's transl)].

Suspensions of Escherichia coli bacteria were injected into the colon of ten mongrel dogs. Primarily, the cystic duct and the distal choledochal duct had been ligated. Choledochal bile was continuously collected with a ductal catheter. The bacteria could be cultured from the portal vein blood, the liver, and the gallbladder wall 5 h after injection, but not from choledochal or gallbladder bile. Suspensions of tritiated Escherichia coli bacteria were injected into the portal vein of another 20 mongrel dogs. Now the bacteria could be cultured from the liver, the gallbladder wall, the choledochal and the gallbladder bile 10 min after injection. Elevated radioactivity counts could be found in the tissue and bile samples. In the liver and gallbladder wall, the tritiated bacteria could be seen in phagocytes and capillary ducts by autoradiography. We conclude that there is an enterohepaticobiliary bacterial cycle which could explain the pathogenesis of infections in biliary tract diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Seroepidemiologic investigations of hepatitis in the tropics. A study on volunteers of the German volunteer service.

Sera from 349 volunteers of the German Volunteer service (GVS), who had lived in tropical or subtropical countries for about two years were tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen two years were tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBS-antigen), antibody to Hepatitis B surface antigen (anti--HBS), and antibody to Hepatitis A antigen (anti-HA) by radioimmunoassay. The findings were compared with those from a control group whose sex, age and occupational status corresponded with the volunteer group. The incidence of HBS-antigen was equal in both groups (1%). Anti-HA was found in 34% and anti-HBS in 19% of the volunteers but only in 26% and 7%, respectively, of the members of the control group. The greatest occurence of anti-HA was found among volunteers of the health service (46%) and technical service (35%) and of anti-HBS among the health service (29%), economic service (26%) and agricultural service (21%). Returned volunteers from West Africa showed a higher frequency (anti-HA 38%, anti-HBS 30%) than those from other countries (anti-HA 30%, anti-HBS 17%). The increased frequency of hepatitis corresponded with an increase in the morbidity rate from 25.5/10 000/year prior to service to 244/10 000/year during the service.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[About the comparison of closely related species chimpanzee-man and fox-dog in respect of the possibility of xenotransplantation (author's transl)].

Although the transplant combinations chimpanzee-man on one hand and fox-dog on the other hand have nearly the same phylogenetic development within their zoological family, it is not quite correct to compare the immunological reactions and patterns of rejection of xenogeneic transplants within these systems. The differences in immunochemistry of serum proteins between these two systems confirm that chimpanzee and man are more closely related than fox and dog concerning their genetic disparity. This and other mentioned examples demonstrate the possibility of obtaining qualitative informations of genetic constellations between xenogeneic species combinations by comparing immunochemistry of serum proteins.

Animals↗