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Biomedical subjects

G Marr

Publications and source records attributed to G Marr.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

In situ and small invasive breast cancer register in Victoria, 1988 to 1992: tumour characteristics and patient management.

BACKGROUND: All cases of in situ and invasive breast cancer are reported to the Victorian Cancer Registry. In 1988 a special subregister of all cases of carcinoma in situ and small invasive cancers up to 10 mm in size was established--the In situ and Small Invasive Breast Cancer Register (ISSIBCR). This was unique in being a population-based register and only possible because in Victoria, as in some other Australian states, all cancers including in situ disease are reported to the Central Cancer Registry. METHODS: Between 1 January 1988 and 31 December 1992, 517 cases of in situ cancers and 892 invasive cancers of < or =10 mm in diameter were registered. During the study period, mammography screening was progressively introduced in Victoria and the number of cases, in both categories registered annually, doubled. RESULTS: The method of detection, the pathology and treatment of these lesions are described. It is of interest that 46.5% of the in situ cancers and 68.8% of the invasive cancers were detected either by the patient or her doctor on clinical examination. Total mastectomy was the method of treatment in 35.4% of in situ cancers and 42.0% of small invasive tumours. Only 38.0% of patients with small invasive cancers treated by breast-conserving surgery had irradiation of the affected breast. CONCLUSIONS: This register provides a valuable resource for the follow up of the natural history and outcome of treatment of the affected women.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The molecular epidemiology of four outbreaks of porcine pasteurellosis.

Biochemical profiles, restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and ribotyping were used to investigate a total of 38 Pasteurella multocida isolates from four separate outbreaks of pasteurellosis in Australian piggeries. Six isolates were obtained from Outbreak 1, 16 from Outbreak 2 and eight each from outbreaks 3 and 4. Outbreaks 1 and 2 were cases of pneumonic pasteurellosis while outbreaks 3 and 4 involved systemic pasteurellosis. Biochemical characterisation established that a number of different types of P. multocida were present in outbreaks 1 and 3 while outbreaks 2 and 4 were associated with a single type of P. multocida. Outbreaks 1 and 3 yielded isolates of P. multocida that belonged to the subspecies multocida and gallicida, with the subspecies multocida isolates being identified as biovar 3 (6 in total) or 12 (1 in total) and the subspecies gallicida isolates (7 in total) being identified as biovar 8. All 24 isolates from outbreaks 2 and 4 belonged to the subspecies multocida and were all biovar 3. REA and ribotyping showed that, in outbreaks 1 and 3, there were three different types of P. multocida in each outbreak with no common strains between the outbreaks. The molecular methods showed that only a single strain of P. multocida was associated with outbreaks 2 and 4, although the outbreaks were associated with strains that differed in REA profiles but shared a ribotype profile. This study has shown that both, systemic and pneumonic pasteurellosis can be associated with either a single strain or multiple strains of P. multocida. The results also indicate that the molecular typing methods of REA and ribotyping are superior to biochemical characterisation for epidemiological investigation of porcine pasteurellosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Frontline challenge.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

Magnesium interactions with lithium and sodium salts of adenosine triphosphate: an investigation by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Phosphorus NMR spectra were recorded for complexes of Na2ATP and Li4ATP with varying concentrations of magnesium, calcium and lithium. Each ion caused a shift in the phosphorus resonances, usually downfield, and a decrease in the 31P-31P coupling constant. The sodium ATP formed a 1:1 complex with each ion and a 1:2, ATP:Mg complex with magnesium whilst lithium ATP gave evidence to suggest the formation of bis(nucleotide) complexes.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1984

Prolactin profiles during estrous cycle and pregnancy in hamster as measured by homologous RIA.

The development of a homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the measurement of serum hamster prolactin (PRL) has facilitated our studies on monitoring the secretion patterns of this hormone during different states of reproduction. Four salient findings emerge from the present studies. First, rapid cardiac puncture without anesthesia does not affect serum PRL levels during selected times in the estrous cycle or during pregnancy. Second, serum PRL levels during the estrous cycle describe a daily rhythm of PRL release with maximum serum concentrations each day occurring in the afternoon and the highest of these occurring on proestrus (day 4 of cycle). Third, PRL release during pregnancy is characterized by a single surge each day; although the time of maximum PRL release varies, levels increase during the hours of darkness and decline to basal during the light. Fourth, the amount of PRL released during pregnancy diminishes with time; on day 15 the total amount of PRL in the serum is less than 10% of that measured on day 5.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient after ischemic renal injury in dogs.

Micropuncture studies of acute renal failure after ischemic renal injury suggest that glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient may remain normal in the period immediately after ischemia and decline significantly during the following 18-24 hours. The present series of in vitro experiments was designed to evaluate glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient and glomerular oncometric and rheological properties in ischemic acute renal failure in dogs. To obtain glomeruli prior to ischemia, a right nephrectomy was performed and glomeruli were isolated for studies of filtration and cell and extracellular spaces. The left renal pedicle then was occluded for 90 minutes; glomeruli isolated from biopsies of this kidney were studied at intervals up to 48 hours after ischemia. Glomeruli were isolated by sieving renal cortical fragments, and filtration was induced by an oncotic gradient. The glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient remained near control levels for the first hour after ischemia, but declined significantly at 24 and 48 hours. Specifically, glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient of glomeruli isolated from normal kidneys was 16.5 +/- 0.9 nl/min per mm Hg (n = 15). Immediately following ischemia, glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient remained essentially unchanged (15.9 +/- 1.1 nl/min per mm Hg, n = 4). At 1 hour, there was a small decrease in glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient (14.4 +/- 1.3 nl/min per mm Hg, n = 4). At 24 hours, glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient was significantly decreased (9.8 +/- 0.5 nl/min per mm Hg, n = 9, P less than 0.01) and remained at that level at 48 hours (9.5 +/- 0.5 nl/min per mm Hg, n = 8, P less than 0.001). In experimental glomeruli, the oncometric response was diminished and erythrocyte movement along glomerular capillaries was impaired. Total water and inulin spaces were measured in glomeruli from control and 48-hour postischemic periods, and glomerular morphology was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy at the same time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1982

Isolation, purification, and characterization of mouse placental lactogen.

Mouse placental lactogen was purified 1840-fold from BALB/c placentae from days 14-18 of gestation with an overall yield of 29%. The purification procedure included alkaline homogenization and extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Phenyl-Sepharose, ion-exchange chromatography on CM- and DEAE-cellulose, and gel exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-100. On 10% alkaline polyacrylamide gels, mouse placental lactogen had an Rf of 0.19. Electrophoresis in gels containing NaDodSO4 showed a single band with a mobility corresponding to a Mr of 23,000 +/- 1000. The isoelectric point, determined by isoelectric focusing in 8 M urea/5% 2-mercaptoethanol, was 7.1. When tested in the pigeon crop sac assay, 10 micrograms of mouse placental lactogen produced stimulation comparable with that evoked by 10 micrograms of ovine prolactin. In the rabbit mammary gland radioreceptor assay, mouse placental lactogen was 150% more potent than ovine prolactin in displacing 125I-labeled ovine prolactin from rabbit mammary gland membranes. Iodinated purified mouse placental lactogen could be displaced from rabbit mammary gland membranes by mouse placental lactogen, mouse prolactin, and ovine prolactin. Ovine prolactin was 45% as avid as mouse placental lactogen is displacing 125I-labeled mouse placental lactogen from rabbit mammary gland membranes. Mouse placental lactogen did not crossreact with antisera to mouse prolactin or mouse growth hormone in a radioimmunoassay.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Termination of pregnancy on psychiatric grounds (author's transl)].

303 psychiatric opinions were given between 1947 and 1969 regarding the termination of pregnancy. 45,2 per cent of the applications were supported, 53,4 per cent were rejected. In 10 per cent of the cases neurological disorders were present. 79 per cent of the women had psychiatric disorders among which reactive depressions had a definite majority of 89 per cent. Endogenous psychoses only represented a marginal group. Among the reactive depressive group young unmarried women in their first pregnancy with environmental conflicts and an increased readiness to express suicidal tendencies could be separated from a second group of older married women with one or more children, with fear of the future resulting from the feeling of an imminent in ability to cope, and restraint in the formulation of suicidal thoughts. The frequency of preceding suicidal attempts and the percentage of abnormal personalities were equally high in both groups. The investigated group must clearly be considered to a suicide-endangered high risk group. If abnormal personality traits, preceding suicide attempts, family and social conflicts with existing suicidal tendencies, and a reactivated state of depression occur together a reactive depression must also be considered an important criterium for a supportive attitude.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗