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Biomedical subjects

G Martín Peña

Publications and source records attributed to G Martín Peña.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Estimate of osteoporosis fracture risk with ultrasound bone assessment].

BACKGROUND: Multiple studies suggest that ultrasound measurement of the bone can be a rapid, cheap, and radiation-free alternative to determine the fracture risk. In this paper the ultrasound measurement of the bone was performed among 288 postmenopausal women, and the influence of gynecologic history and factors related to lifestyle on the obtained values was examined. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred nineteen healthy postmenopausal women and 169 women with previous osteoporotic fractures were included in the study. Both weight and height were determined and a clinical questionnaire was administered to assess factors related to bone mineral density. The values of broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS) were obtained with a contact ultrasound analyzer. RESULTS: Among women without fractures the mean BUA and SOS values (64.1 [14.9] and 1,601.1 [34.5], respectively) were significantly higher than mean BUA (48.8 [17.3]) and SOS (1,573 [57.8]) values among women with fractures (p < 0.001). Using the logistic regression analysis for predicting fracture risk, the model that suited best was that including BUA (OR = 0.668 [0.544-0.818]), age (OR = 1.102 [1.055-1.151]), age at postmenopause (OR = 0.794 [0.731-0.862]) and height (OR = 0.932 [0.883-0.983]). The area under the curve for this model was 0.871. CONCLUSIONS: BUA and SOS values are lower among women with osteoporotic fractures. The fracture risk can be predicted by means of a model including the variables BUA, age, postmenopausal age, and height.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Plasma levels of vitamins A and E and the risk of acute myocardial infarct].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The incidence of myocardial infarction in Spain is low in spite of the high prevalence of smoking and hypertension. Natural antioxidants as vitamin E from a diet rich in fruit, oils and vegetables may protect against the development of this disease. In this study we have examine plasma levels of vitamin A and E as risk factors in the development of myocardial infarction. STUDY DESIGN: 62 cases were selected among patients 30-70 years old admitted to the hospital with a first episode of myocardial infarction, or diagnosed by arteriography of coronary heart disease. 62 controls were selected among patients with minor surgical conditions, and free of coronary heart disease according to the Rose questionnaire and ECG. LABORATORY ANALYSIS: Plasma samples for vitamin assays were taken in the first 24 hours after admission (62 cases) Plasma was separated by centrifugation and stored at -80 degrees C until plasma vitamins were determined by HPLC. RESULTS: Lipid adjusted blood levels of vitamin E were lower in cases, mean: 1092.0 +/- standard deviation 165.8 micrograms/dl (mean +/- SD) than in controls (1220.1 +/- 274.8 micrograms/dl p = 0.002). The multivariate adjusted odds ratio between extreme quintiles of blood vitamin E were 0.06 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.01-0.5; p for trend 0.0027. Adjusted blood levels of vitamins A were also lower in cases 44.0 +/- 15.1 micrograms/dl than in controls: (57.5 +/- 15.2 micrograms/dl; p < 0.001). Adjusted odds ratio between extreme quintiles of blood vitamin A adjusted for confounding factors were 0.06 (95% CI: 0.01-0.36; p for trend < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between acute of myocardial infarction and reduce blood levels of vitamin A and E, that is not explained by the decrement in blood lipids levels. Therefore low blood levels of fat soluble vitamins may be a risk factor for the development of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The effects of frying and grilling on the fat content of common foods (salmon, hake and beefsteak)].

The effects of pan frying and deep frying in olive oil on the fat content in very lean meat (fat = 4.0%), salmon (fat = 26.0%) and hake (fat = 1.8%) have been studied. Both techniques produced fat loss in the meat: pan fried 0.5% (p = 0.07), deep fried 1.3% (p = 0.00036); and salmon: pan fried 11.7% (p = 0.0000026), deep fried 7.9% (p = 0.00012). Hake increased fat content with pan fried 2.4% (p = 0.002) and with deep fried 5% (p = 0.00001). Deep frying or pan frying of meat induce fat loss without dietetic relevance. Fat loss in salmon is nutritionally important specially when pan fried. Fat gain in hake is too small to be considered biologically relevant. This results can not be applied to frying with others fats than olive oil or to frying others food with the same oil.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

[The application of impedance analysis to the study of body composition].

We have reviewed the physical theory of body composition assessment using bioelectrical impedance analysis. We discuss the measurement reproducibility, the application to the estimation of total body water, extracellular water, nutritional assessment and the measurement of total body fat. We also comment the application to the study of body composition in children, other physiological and pathological situations and the utility in epidemiological studies.

Biophysical Phenomena↗
PubMed1993

["Nutrition": a program to facilitate the calculations of the composition of menus and diets].

The methodology used to build a software program to compute the nutrient composition of menus and diets is discussed. Topics as the variability of food composition, the scarcity of local food composition data, the bias that may be incurred in nutrient data of food consumption studies are extensively discussed and also the possible solution through the software program. All of these topics must be taken into account in epidemiological studies as well as in computing diet composition.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Artificial nutrition in the home. Annual information 1996.Group NADYA-SENPE].

Using a simplified questionnaire from the NADYA group, data referring to age, sex, diagnosis, access route, duration, form of administration, complications, and quality of life have been gathered from 1,400 patients (57% male, 43% female) who receive home enteral nutrition, and from 38 patients (20% male and 18% female) who receive home parenteral nutrition. All of these patients come from the 1996 national registry. The most common indication for home enteral nutrition are neoplasias (39%) followed by neurological alterations (33%). The most common access route is oral (48%), followed by a nasogastric tube in 34%, PEG in 10% and surgical ostomies in 7%. The average treatment duration is 6 months. There is an index of 0.74 complications/patient-year (gastrointestinal 0.28 and mechanical alterations 0.19). At the end of the year 58% of the patients continued to use at home enteral nutrition, with a death rate of 17%. The majority of the treated patients presented a severe social disability (28%) or was bed-ridden (22%). The most common indications for home parenteral nutrition are: neoplasia (42%), Crohn_s disease (10%), and mesenteric ischemia (10%). AIDS (8%), radical enteritis (5%), and motility disorders (5%) are less common. In 42% of the cases tunneled catheters are used, and port-a-cath are used in 53%. The average treatment duration is 6.9 months. 1.06 hospitalizations/patient-year have been registered in relation to the nutritional treatment (mainly catheter sepsis). A mortality of 29% is registered, and there is recovery of the oral route in 7.9% of the cases. 50% of the patients present a severe social disability.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Formulating a non-fat diet to induce essential fatty acid deficiency in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the manufacture of an experimental diet to cause essential fatty acids deficiencies in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rats. We used Wistar rats that were given a diet consisting of skimmed milk, starch, and dextrino maltose. The fatty acids were measured by means of gas chromatography. RESULTS: The prepared diet is considerably cheaper than laboratory animal feed and it is effective in causing a fatty acid deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Manufacturing a double-lumen tube with simple and inexpensive materials].

Twin-channel enteral feeding catheters allow the administration of early enteral nutrition in various pathologies while avoiding the use of total parenteral nutrition. We describe how to manufacture one simply using cheap and easy-to-find materials whenever a commercial catheter of this type is unavailable.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Home enteral nutrition. Annual report 1999. NADYA-SENPE Group].

GOAL: During 1999, as in previous years, the NADYA-SENPE Group has maintained an annual register of patients with Artificial Nutrition at Home in order to keep up to date our available knowledge of this therapy. The present paper analyzes the results of the sixth National Register of patients under treatment with Enteral Nutrition at Home corresponding to 1999, produced with the co-operation of twenty-three centres in the Spanish national health network. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data were collected through a closed questionnaire included on our web site (www.nadya-senpe.com). Apart from epidemiological information, the form includes the indication that led to the prescription of nutrition, nutritional treatment, access path, complications and admissions to hospital, follow-up of the treatment, patients' quality of life and progress. All of the data are processed by the co-ordinating team. The Nutrition Unit at La Paz Teaching Hospital in Madrid has acted as the group co-ordinator. RESULTS: During 1999, a total of 2,262 patients at the twenty-three collaborating centres followed treatment with Home Enteral Nutrition (NED in its Spanish acronym). The mean age was 63.6 (19.67 years (males: 57.6%; females: 42.3%). The mean time with nutritional treatment is 5.89 (4.25 months. The neurological alterations (37.5%) and neoplasias (36.8%) were the most frequent indications for NED. Most patients used oral administration (50.7%), the use of artificial routes is less frequent, with 5NG being used on 27.9% and PEG on 12.7%. The polymeric formulas are the ones most commonly used (87.7%). The number of complications recorded amounted to 1,403 episodes, representing 0.62 complications per patient per year, of which 40.8% were gastro-intestinal (0.26 complications per patient per year) and 18.7% were mechanical complications, with only 9 recorded cases of bronchoaspiration. It was necessary to admit patients to hospital on 836 occasions (0.38 admissions per patient), albeit generally for causes not associated with nutrition (86.1%). At year-end, 51.4% of patients continued to receive nutritional support. CONCLUSIONS: Enteral nutrition at home is a safe technique whose use is growing in Spain. It requires the existence of appropriately equipped nutrition teams as well as the collaboration of the Primary Health Care services and the suitable training of patients and relatives. It is essential to progress more deeply into the development and application of clinical routes that provide a clear and concise methodology covering all nutrition-related aspects. In itself, nutrition is a therapeutic alternative regardless of whether access is obtained through a natural or an artificial route. It is necessary for the persons responsible for health-care administration to realize that the appropriate nutrition of patients leads to an improvement in their general health, a shorter course for their illness and, therefore, a reduction in costs.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The Iberian pig: an animal with fat with a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids].

We have analyzed the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat in the Iberian pork feed with acorns using gas chromatography. We have found a 59.1% content in oleic acid (18:1) and 62% of total monounsaturated fatty acids. This figures statistically does differs from the data about fat composition in pig taken from others food composition sources. We conclude that Iberian pork feed with acorns have a very high content in monounsaturated fatty acids and can no be considered as harmful as other animals fats.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Food composition tables: a practical appraisal].

We have revised the most common food composition tables published in Spain, France, Germany, England and the United States of America. In this article we have collected information concerning the points that may describe the size, format, numbers of items and numbers of nutrients in each table, so it can help professionals to know which of them may suit his needs properly.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Temperature of refrigerated parenteral nutrition solutions at the end of 2 infusion systems].

It is common practice to let parenteral nutrition bags that are kept refrigerated stand at room temperature before administration. In this study the temperature of the mixtures administration. In this study the temperature of the mixtures flowing at the end of a conventional system (Intrafix 145 cm long) and at the end of a flow-control system (Dial-a-flow 226 cm long) were measured. Mixture temperatures within the parenteral nutrition bag were recorded upon removal from the refrigerator, at the end of the infusion system after purging the system with the fastest flow rate possible (time 0), and at 5, 10, and 15 minutes, after sustaining continuous flow at 100 cc/hour. The conventional system showed no statistically significant differences (P less than 0.05) between room temperature (23.7 +/- 0.5) and mixture temperature at the end of the infusion line at 15 minutes of infusion (23.0 +/- 0.9). The Dial-a-flow system showed no statistically significant differences between room temperature (24.5 +/- 0.9) and mixture temperatures at the end of the system (time 0: 23.7 +/- 2.2; 5 minutes, 24.1 +/- 0.8; 10 minutes, 24.3 +/- 0.7; 15 minutes, 24.4 +/- 0.7) (p less than 0.05). Therefore, the results indicate that refrigerated parenteral nutrition bags can be administered directly to the patient without waiting for the mixture to warm up, anytime the length of the infusion system is over 145 cm. Occasional reactions observed at the onset of parenteral nutrition therapy cannot be attributed to low mixture temperature, and as such, other reasons must be searched for.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Essential fatty acid deficiency in enteral nutrition].

A case is presented of a 57-year-old patient who developed a clinical picture compatible with linoleic acid deficit while on a diet with 6.4 g of this fatty acid (2.8% of total calories). The factors involved in essential fatty acid requirements, and the need of some patients for up to 50 g of linoleic acid in order to reach normal serum levels are discussed. It was concluded that some commercial diets should be supplemented with additional linoleic acid.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Naso-intestinal intubation with weighted tubes. A new modification of an old technique].

We have studied the spontaneous transpyloric passage of 25 weighted nasointestinal tubes using a modified technique slightly different from the standard one. Instead of introducing the entire tube in the stomach in the very first moment, we have only introduced at the beginning approximately 70 cm and afterwards, with the patient in the right lateral decubitus position, each 15 minutes we continued introducing 15 cm each time for a total period of one hour. X-ray controls were done 3, 24 and 48 hours after the first introduction. Fifteen tubes (60%) had passed to the small intestine in the first 3 hours, 21 (84%) had reached it before 24 hours and 23 (92%) had passed the pylorus before 48 hours. The others two tubes did not pass the pylorus in 48 hours nor did they pass after the administration of metoclopramide. We thus conclude that this technique simplifies the intubation of the small intestine. We recommend to control the position of the tube by X-ray film 24 hours after the positioning. If after this period the tube is still in the stomach, it should be repositioned using radiological or endoscopic assistance in those cases that the delivery of an intestinal solution is desired.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The subclavian catheter in parenteral nutrition (I)].

A meticulous review is made of the subclavian multiple-lumen catheter placement method by the Seldinger technique, which is based on the experience collected over the last five years. The details concerning to the material and field preparation, the anesthesia in the puncture site, the vein puncture, and the catheter insertion and fixing, are discussed.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Difficulties and problems associated with the implantation of a catheter in the subclavian (II)].

They are analyzed the problems which are present during placement of multiple-lumen subclavian catheters using the Seldinger technique, such as: the difficulty in anesthesia of the puncture area; failure in location of the vein; difficulties in advancement of the guide wire, the dilator or the catheter; catheter malposition; and accidental puncture of the subclavian artery, the pleura or the trachea; and also some potential solutions.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗