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Biomedical subjects

G Mathé

Publications and source records attributed to G Mathé.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Immune reactions with cytotoxic activity to "self" in natural surveillance of aberrant cells.

Cytotoxic autoreactive lymphoid cells have been demonstrated to be a normal immunologic component in both normal and tumor-bearing organisms. The cells have a high antineoplastic potential. They are cytotoxic in vitro to non-immunogenic tumor cells, and a high in vivo activity of such cells may be positively correlated to in vivo regression of tumors. It is suggested that the cytotoxic activity of cytotoxic autoreactive cells reflects a natural mechanism to removal of all types of aberrant cells of which malignant cells are only a subset. It is further deduced that such mechanisms must be independent of cell surface neoantigens, and that cytotoxic autoreactive mechanisms with high probability therefore also are efficient against spontaneous malignant tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Non resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus. Study of the immunological status as prognosis factor and attempt at immunorestoration with B.C.G. (author's transl)].

Sixty-six patients with bronchus non resectable squamous cell carcinoma (stage III and 14) entered into a protocol of chemotherapy depending upon their initial immunological status. These patients with (+) skin tests to recall antigens were allocated to a chemotherapy programme; patients with initially (-) skin tests were submitted to a protocol of immunorestauration with B.C.G. After three weeks of B.C.G. applications on scarifications 17 patients out of 31 presented with (+) skin tests and were considered as immunocompetent patients. All the patients then were submitted to chemotherapy protocol. The comparison of different median of survival have demonstrated that immune status appears as the more fundamental prognosis factor; the B.C.G. is able to transitory restore the immunity of the patients without any modification of the tumour progress. The median of survival of patients with initially (+) skin tests was ten months, and only two months for patients with (-) skin tests. The median of survival of patients whom immunity was restored with B.C.G. was nine months. The results of this trial let us to propose new strategy for treatment of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Leukemic (or stage V) lymphosarcoma.

We have studied 24 cases of secondarily leukemic (stage V) lymphosarcoma (LS), 31 cases of "d'emblée" leukemic LS, and ten cases of lymphoid leukemic neoplasias transitional between "d'emblée" leukemic LS and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). These cases only concern the common types of the WHO classification of LS, i.e., the prolymphocytic, the lymhoblastic, and the immunoblastic. Some cases have also been classified by cell surface markers. The secondarily leukemic conversion occurred in 40% of the lymphoblastic types, in 14% of the prolymphocytic types, and in 17% of the immunoblastic types. It never occurred at stage I but could occur after any other stage. The mediastinal involvement was observed in three types, but most often in the lymphoblastic type. The prognosis after an acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) treatment comprising active immunotherapy following chemo(radio)therapy is better for the leukemic prolymphocytic and lymphoblastic LS than for the immunoblastic type. Two patients (one of the lymphoblastic type) are in complete remission after 8 and 5 years, respectively. We have described ten cases of "d'emblée" leukemic LS with either large lymphoid or extra-lymphoid masses, bone marrow leukemic cell involvement, and LS aspects of neoplastic cells. Mediastinal abdominal, or other tumor masses are frequent. The prognosis for "d'emblée" leukemic LS following an ALL treatment is less favorable than ALL prognosis for patients of all ages including children. However, the first remission curve breaks at the 18th month and may form a plateau for about 30% of the patients of all ages. One patient has been in remission for more than 8 years after immunotherapy. We have also described ten cases of lymphoid neoplasia, whose cells cytologically and by the intensity of Ig secretion resemble leukemic prolymphocytic LS cells. However, the disease is more sensitive to CLL treatment than to LS or ALL treatment. Hence, there may be transitional conditions between leukemic LS and CLL. Finally, we have discussed the different possible frontiers between nonleukemic and leukemic LS and proposed two tests to detect the leukemic stage early: the systematic search for LS cells in the peripheral blood after concentration of nucleated cells by centrifugation and for cells carrying immune markers in the isolated mononuclear cell population of peripheral blood and the bone marrow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Preliminary results of chemoradiotherapy followed (or not ) by active immunotherapy of stage III and IV lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma: correlation of the results with WHO categorization.

One hundred and one patients with advanced (stage III and IV) LS and RS at the first presentation of the disease or on relapse were treated with a regimen combining initial chemotherapy, complementary radiotherapy on "icebergs," supplementary chemotherapy, and finally, active immunotherapy. The overall complete remission rate was about 79% for LS and 73% for RS. About 50% of the patients were still in remission for both diseases after 2 years; 60% with LS were still alive after 2 years and 44% with Rs. This study shows the useful prognostic value of the WHO classification for LS and RS: the prognosis of prolymphocytic (centrofollicular) LS is far better than that of the lymphoblastic type, which is itself better than that of the very poor prognostic immunoblastic type. The prognosis of RS is intermediate between that of the best prognostic type and that of the poorest prognostic type of LS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Prognostic factors and treatment of multiple myeloma: interest of a cyclic sequential chemohormonotherapy combining cyclophosphamide, melphalan, and prednisone.

1. A type 2 therapeutic trial consisting of the administration of monthly cycles of chemohormonotherapy, each cycle combining weekly sequences of mephalan, prednisone, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone, has been achieved in 20 stage II or III myeloma patients. Tolerance of this regimen in treated out-patients was found to be excellent. Preliminary data indicate that the better survival rate in patients treated by this regimen is still not reached at a 30-month follow-up examination by three other nonrandomized control groups of patients receiving continuous therapy with prednisone alone, prednisone + cyclophosphamide, or prednisone + melphalan. 2. Analysis of the main prognostic factors of the four trials indicates that a) IgG-type myelomas are associated with a better prognosis than IgA type; nonexcreting myelomas are associated with the best prognosis, while Bence Jones myelomas are associated with a prognosis as poor as that of the IgA type; b) tumor volume as well as renal insufficiency, at the time of diagnosis, are also prognosis factors; this study confirms the prognostic value of the recently proposed clinical staging system based on these parameters but outlines that 10% of the patients died from a cause not directly related to myeloma plasmocyte proliferation. 3. In conclusion, these results point out: a) the possible advantage of using two alkylating agents instead of one at the beginning of the disease; b) the need to classify multiple myeloma according to prognosis before attempting therapeutic trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Preliminary results of chemo-radiotherapy followed or not by active immunotherapy of stage III and IV lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma. Correlation of the results with WHO categorisation.

We treated 101 patients with advanced (stage III and IV) lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma at first presentation of the disease or in relapse according to a protocol combining initial chemotherapy, complementary radiotherapy on icebergs, supplementary chemotherapy, and, finally, active immunotherapy. The overall complete remission rate was about 79% for lymphosarcoma and 73% for reticulosarcoma. About 50% of the patients were still in remission in each of the two diseases at 2 years; 60% of lymphosarcoma and 44% of reticulosarcoma patients achieved 2-year survival. This study shows the prognostic value of the WHO classification for lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma: the prognosis of prolymphocytic (centrofollicular) lymphosarcoma is far better than that of the lymphoblastic type, which is in turn better than that of the very poor prognosis of the immunoblastic type. The prognosis of reticulosarcoma is intermediate between that of the best-prognosis and that of the poorest-prognosis type of lymphosarcoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Preliminary results of a phase II trial of aclacinomycin in acute leukaemia and lymphosarcoma. An oncostatic anthracyclin that is rarely cardiotoxic and induces no alopecia.

A phase II trial of which preliminary results are available for 22 patients indicates that aclacinomycin applied in a continuous modality induced complete and partial remission in four of nine patients with acute lymphoid leukaemia that was resistant to all previously available drugs, and in four of eight patients with stage V lymphosarcoma (leukaemic). Bone-marrow toxicity was the major side-effect. Only one patient of 20 suffered from cardiac toxicity; no one had alopoecia. This very low incidence of myocardial lesions and the absence of hair loss had been predicted, respectively, by our electron microscope study of the myocardium and the light electron microscope study of the skin of golden hamsters [7], a test that detects frequent severe myocardium and skin toxicities for adriamycin and some anthracyclin analogues such as detorubicin, which was found to be toxic in a high percentage of patients in a clinical trial conducted by the E.O.R.T.C. Clinical Screening Group [8].

Acute Disease↗