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Biomedical subjects

G Mathé

Publications and source records attributed to G Mathé.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[BCG potentiates the immunodepression induced by cyclophosphamide].

Compared to the effect of CPM alone, the survival of allogeneic C3H skin grafts on Fl (DBA/2 X C57Bl/6) recipients is considerably enhanced when the recipient is given BCG (1 mg/mouse) 14 days before the graft and CPM (80 or 134 mg/kg) one day after the graft. While other mechanisms cannot be entirely excluded, it is possible that BCG stimulates the lymphocytes to enter the cell cycle, which makes them more sensitive to CPM, a cycle-dependent agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Immune manipulation of BCG administered before or after cyclophosphamide for chemo-immunotherapy of L1210 leukemia].

1. BCG (1 mg/mouse) administered i.v. on day 5 after chemotherapy by cyclophosphamide (CPM), given itself at the dose of 80 or 134 or 403 mg/kg one day after the inoculation of L 1210 leukaemia 10(3) cells, increases the effect of the non-optimal doses: i.e. 80 mg/kg, which is insufficient to cure mice, and 403 mg/kg, which is toxic. It does not change the effect of the optimal dose of CPM (134 mg/kg) which cures most of the mice. 2. BCG (1 mg/mouse i.v.) given on day 15 before CPM decreases the effect of the latter at the dose of 134 mg/kg. These results suggest that: a. BCG given after chemotherapy is not only able to eradicate the residual disease, but can decrease chemotherapy toxicity; b BCG given before an optimal dose of chemotherapy may decrease its antileukaemic effect, via the enhancement of the chemotherapy immunodepressive action, as demonstrated by skin graft experiments; this deterioration of the effect of chemotherapy by immunodepression was also suggested when the combination of CPM and antithymocyte serum was used.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Chemotherapeutic combinations of mutually potentializing drugs. 1-Application to the treatment of breast cancers].

27 patients suffering from disseminated carcinoma of the breast with at least two visceral metastases, and two had become resistant to conventional chemotherpy and hormones, received a combination of, in the present trial, vincristine followed by cyclophosphamide with 5-fluoro-uracil. Chemotherapy was administered intermittently: each cycle of treatment lasted 6 days and was followed by a period without treatment of 25 days. Haematological tolerance was satisfactory. No serious incidents occurred during two years use of the combination. 20 out of 27 patients showed objective tumour regression of more than 50 p.cent lasting for more than 6 months, whilst 9 showed apparent complete regression of the malignant lesions. There was one complete failure. Chemotherapy was continued in all cases after regression of the neoplastic process was obtained.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

[Chemotherapeutic combinations of mutually potentiating drugs. 2-Application to the treatment of bronchial cancers].

16 patients suffering from primary bronchial tumours which had recurred after surgery and/or radiotherapy and with spread involving at least one visceral or lymphatic metastasis received chemotherapy consisting of the administration of vincristine followed by a combination of CCNU and 5-fluorouracil. Each cycle of treatment lasted 6 days and was restarted only after an interval of 30 days on average, this being necessary for haematological recovery. With the doses of CCNU used, thrombocytopaenia occurred only during the fifth cycle of treatment and made it necessary to increase the interval between subsequent courses to five weeks. All of the patients included in the study have now been followed up for between six and eighteen months. Two patients are presently in complete remission without apparent radiological, clinical or bronchoscopic signs. In seven other patients there was tumour regression greater than 50 p.cent persisting for four to six months. In seven, the therapeutic effect was transient or nil.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Chemotherapeutic combinations of mutually potentiating drugs. 3-Application to primary tumors of the central nervous system].

17 patients suffering from primary tumours of the central nervous system recurring after surgery and/or radiotherapy, received chemotherapy consisting of the administration of VM 26 followed by CCNU. Each cycle of treatment lasted four days and was restarted only after an average interval of 30 days to allow for haematological recovery. All of the patients in the trial have been under treatment for eight months. Five (28 p.cent) are at present in complete remission with no residual clinical, isotopic or radiological signs. In six others there was tumour regression and in four neurological stabilisation. In all those cases where objective tumour regression was obtained functional improvement was noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Combination chemotherapy based on a model of cell recruitment by partial synchronization.

A noncomparative, phase II clinical trial on chemotherapy of leukemias and solid tumors has been undertaken. It has been attempted: (a) to synchronize cells by a first administration of an M-dependent agent (vincristine or VM 26) which blocks them during the mitotic phase (M) (this has been verified by the mitotic index), from where they start again to go into the other phases of the cycle, more or less at the same time (this has been verified by the labeling index) and (b) to destroy a greater number of cells by a second administration of cycle-dependent or phase-dependent agent(s). Remarkable results have been obtained, the most interesting one being apparently complete remissions or regressions given by the sequence of two agents in patients who during previous trials proved to be resistent to both agents administered separately. The chemotherapy protocols thus composed are administered intermittently, comprising cycles with free intervals, the duration of which depends on the time of the bone marrow and blood restoration. The hematological, immunological, and visceral tolerance is, on the whole, satisfactory.

Drug Therapy, Combination↗
PubMed1975

New experimental and clinical data on leukaemia immunotherapy.

The present results of our treatment of acute lymphoid leukaemia patients are summarized: 7 out of 20 randomized patients given active immunotherapy after chemoradiotherapy are still in complete remission after periods varying from seven to ten years (compared to none in the control group). The actuarial results on 100 patients show remission and survival curves presenting a plateau between three and five years for a certain percentage, suggesting a possible cure. Several parameters studied in 200 patients indicate that the factors affecting this percentage are age, cytological type, volume of the tumour, and the localization of leukaemic cells in certain areas. Experiments with L1210 leukaemia show that immunotherapy enhances the effect of chemotherapy when administered after chemotherapy but decreases it when administered before, which is in favour of the use of the sequence chemotherapy-immunotherapy clinically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Cytology in the classification of diffuse non-leukaemic malignant lymphomata (lympho- and reticulosarcomata).

Cytological examination of smears or imprints of diffuse non-leukaemic lymphomata gives more details of the morphological aspects of the cells than does histological examination. It enables us to distinguish (a) prolymphocytic (but not lymphocytic), (b) lymphoblastic or lymphoblastoid and immunoblastic lymphosarcomata. It helps to diagnose so-called reticulosarcomata from carcinomata and to distinguish two types: (a) cytic and (b) blastic, but it makes us suspicious about the nature of the latter. Light microscopy shows the cells of the blastic type resemble transformed lymphocytes (immunoblasts) more than reticulum cells. Electron microscopy shows many polyribosomes, which enhances the suspicion that some so-called "reticulosarcomata" could be immunoblastic lymphosarcomata.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1975

Leukaemic conversion of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomata.

In 143 patients with poorly differentiated lymphosarcoma, leukaemic conversion has been observed in 25. The cytological type was prolymphocytic or lymphoblastic or lymphoblastoid (immunoblastic ?). Twenty-five patients were treated with chemo-radiotherapy, followed by active immunotherapy as if they had primary acute lymphoid leukaemia. A complete remission was obtained in 11. Four are still in first complete remission after 4 1/2 years. Among 136 patients suffering from so-called "poorly differentiated reticulosarcoma", 17 became leukaemic. The cells are cytologically very dystrophic and unidentifiable. A remission was obtained in 7 patients but it was of short duration (median 1 1/2 months, longest 7 months).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Histologic reactions of the thymus, spleen, liver and lymph nodes to intravenous and subcutaneous BCG injections.

The tissue reactions of non-tumor-bearing F1 (DBA/2 X C57B16) mice to i.v. and s.c. injected BCG were studied in animals sacrificed at planned intervals following the injection. No appreciable changes were observed prior to day 6, when the thymic cortex and medulla began to show hyperplasia of epithelial cells; many of them had PAS positive cytoplasm and some of these cells were contiguous with the walls of small blood vessels and large cystic spaces containing PAS-positive secretions. The thymic cortical lymphocytes showed, on day 6, a pronounced pyroninophilia and increased mitotic activity without increase in thymic weight. These changes were considerably more striking in the i.v. than in the s.c. injected animals. On the same day a pronounced multifocal lymphocytic infiltration involving the red pulp and the parafollicular and periarteriolar zones of the spleen were observed. It was more pronounced in the i.v. than in the s.c. injected animals. The thymic changes were seen only in animals killed on day 6 and day 10, but were no longer observed on day 14. Beginning with day 14 a pronounced histiocytic granulomatous reaction was observed in the liver. On day 18, this granulomatous reaction was also seen in the spleen, lymph nodes, and lungs of i.v. injected animals. It persisted until day 45. In the s.c. injected animals histiocytic granulomas were seen only at the site of injection and in the regional lymph nodes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The surgeon and the immunotherapy of cancer.

The cancerolytic effect of active systemic immunotherapy, which has been shown experimentally able to eradicate a complete population of tumour cells provided they are not very numerous, has been confirmed in various forms of human leukemia and in a few solid tumours against which it was applied as treatment of the imperceptible residual disease which remains after chemotherapy or surgery. Its main indication is thus this residual disease composed of cells which are left behind after chemotherapy of systemic tumours, for this treatment obeys the laws of first degree kinetics, and surgery and/or radiotherapy which, even if they remove or completely sterilise a local tumour, often leave behind a few cells which have already migrated to the future sites of metastases. Active systemic immunotherapy of large volume tumours, especially when combined with chemotherapy, is of doubtful efficacy. Local immunotherapy has given interesting results but its clinical indications are not yet clear.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Immunoblastic lymphosarcoma, a cytological and clinical entity?

We have studied 20 cases of haematosarcomas belonging to lymphosarcomas (T or B-cell markers, absence of the reticulosarcoma characters in sections, on smears, with conventional and scanning electron microscopy). Their cells which appear as large pyroninophilic cells on sections, as large very basophilic cells with blastic nuclei and often cytoplasmic vacuoles on smears, as having many polyribosomes and usually no ergastoplasm with conventional electron microscopy, and as large cells of the lymphocytic series with scanning electron microscopy resemble the cells which we described in adenitis in 1955 (9) and in the graft-versus-host-reaction in 1961 (6), which Gowans (15) showed resulted from lymphocyte transformation, and which Dameshek (10) called immunoblasts. Many of these cases of immunoblastic lymphosarcoma (ILS) identified on their cytohistological characteristics [also recognized by Lukes et al. (24, 25) and Lennert et al. (21, 22)], present aetiological, clinical and pronostic characters which let us suppose that it may be not only a cytological entity but also a cytoclinical entity : a) it affects males in 85% or the subjects; eight patients came from mediterranean countries outside France; two patients had a history of chronic rheumatoid manifestations; b) the disease was at stage IV at the first presentation in 10 patients out of 20; it was revealed by profound (mediastinal or abdominal) localizations in 60% of cases (12 out of 20); it presented a hypoglobulinaemia in eight out of 13 patients; in six out of the 15 patients treated before leukaemic conversion, the chemotherapy usually efficient in lymphosarcoma (LS) failed to induce remission. This type of LS has a poorer prognosis than other types of LS (median for all stages : eight months). It led to the death either after its conversion to leukaemia (nine out of 20 cases), or by vital organ (as brain or kidney) infiltrations.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1975

Non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomata in adults: chemo-radiotherapy in stages III and IV.

Patients presenting with Stage III or IV non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma were given chemotherapy; about 20% complete remission was obtained for both stages. The addition of radiotherapy increased the incidence to 70% in Stage III patients. The duration of first complete remission was longer for Stage III (25% of the patients are still in first remission at 7 years) than for Stage IV (0%). The survival was longer for nodular lymphosarcoma patients (25% are alive at 7 years for Stages III and IV) than for diffuse lymphosarcomata and reticulosarcomata (10%). Among the new drugs, VM 26 is able to produce a good frequency of remission in patients in relapse.

Adult↗