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Biomedical subjects

G Mazzella

Publications and source records attributed to G Mazzella.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid administration on biliary lipid composition and bile acid kinetics in cholesterol gallstone patients.

The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on bile lipid composition and bile acid kinetics was evaluated in seven cholesterol gallstone patients following one month of UDCA administration (12 mg/kg/day). UDCA administration induces a significant reduction in the cholesterol saturation index (SI). After UDCA treatment, UDCA becomes the predominant biliary bile acid while chenodeoxycholic, cholic, and deoxycholic acid are significantly reduced. UDCA pool significantly increases, and chenodeoxycholic, cholic, and total bile acid pools significantly decrease. The reduction in bile lithogenicity during UDCA administration suggests that UDCA may be useful for cholesterol gallstone treatment in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Enterohepatic circulation of bile acids after cholecystectomy.

Bile acid metabolism was investigated in 10 patients after cholecystectomy, 10 gallstone patients, and 10 control subjects. Diurnal variations of serum levels of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid conjugates were not abolished by cholecystectomy. Cholic acid pool size was significantly reduced in cholecystectomised patients and the fractional turnover rate and the rate of intestinal degradation of bile acid showed a significant increase. In cholecystectomised patients fasting bile was supersaturated in cholesterol, though less than in gallstone patients, but, in both, feeding resulted in improvement of cholesterol solubility in bile. These data suggest that after cholecystectomy the small intestine alone acts as a pump in regulating the dynamics of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and that the improvement of cholesterol solubility in bile is due to a more rapid circulation of the bile acid pool in fasting cholecystectomised patients.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1977

[Changes in bile and blood lipid levels following chenodeoxycholic acid therapy].

Original and known methods and ordinary routine tests were used to evaluate changes in bile salts, phospholipids and cholesterol and in serum lipids induced in 50 patients during treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid (2-12 mg/Kg/day) for about 15 months. No significant differences in serum lipids, though a clear fall in triglycerides was noted in those who received 7-12 mg/Kg/day as opposed to 2-7 mg/Kg/day. There was a marked fall in the molar percentage of biliary cholesterol, followed by a significant reduction in the saturation index of Metzger. Once again, greater reduction was noted in patients receiving the higher dose range. A correlation between the dose used and the percentage of cholesterol in the bile was thus evident. After treatment, chenodeoxycholic acid was the main bile acid and there was a significant fall in cholic and deoxycholic acid. The desired drug effect can be obtained with low doses (7-12 mg/Kg/day) and a biliary chenodeoxycholic value well below 90%.

Bile↗
PubMed1977

[Results of chenic acid therapy in patients with cholesterol calculi].

58 patients suffering from cholesterol gallstones were treated with chenodesoxycholic acid at a dose of 2-15 mg/Kg/die for about 15 months so as to determine its effettiveness and establish a minimum effective dose. 8 of these patients presented stones in the common bile duct. The results showed: a complete dissolution of the stones in 16 of the 50 patients considered to be suffering from cholecystic lithiasis; partial dissolution in 15; no change in the remaining 19. Of the 8 patients with bile duct stones, 3 presented complete dissolution, 2 partial, and 3 no change. An improvement in digestive function was observed in most cases. The liver function tests carried out in each patient before, during and after treatment with chenodesoxycholic acid were completely normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Correlation of malabsorption of bile acids, bile lipid composition and calculi].

The relation between malabsorption of bile acids, the bile lipid composition, and biliary stones was examined in 8 patients subjected to ileal resection (particularly for Crohn's disease), 6 with ileal bypass for morbid obesity, and 10 healthy controls. The 1-14C-cholylglycine breath test was employed to detect of the absorption and deconjugation of bile acids. Bile lipid composition was expressed according with Metzger's saturation index. Healthy subjects gave normal findings in all respects, whereas ileal resection was accompanied by malabsorption, increased deconjugation, and faecal loss of 14C. These changes, particularly malabsorption, were more evident after ileal bypass. Preoperative saturation values rose to more than 1 in all cases, especially after resection. Liver disease (steatosis and cirrhosis) 6 months after bypass, together with cholesterol lithiasis in 2/6 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Development, validation, and application of a single-tube radioimmunoassay for cholic and chenodeoxycholic conjugated bile acids in human serum.

A single-tube radioimmunoassay for both cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid conjugates in serum is based on the use of [1-(14)C]glycocholic acid and [H-3H]glycochenodeoxycholic acid as tracers. The assay was shown to be specific, sensitive, accurate, and precise (CV = 13% at low concentrations, 5.5% at higher concentrations) when used for serum samples from subjects and patients with increased bile acid in the serum because of liver disease, and results correlate well with those by gas chromatography (r = .99).

Carbon Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1977

Determination of 14CO2 in breath and 14C in stool after oral administration of cholyl-1-[14C]glycine: clinical application.

Twenty patients with intestinal bacterial overgrowth and 20 control subjects were investigated for bile acid deconjugation, by measuring 14CO2 in the breath after cholyl-1-[14C]glycine administration. 14CO2 output/24h was 11.0 +/- 5.2% (mean +/- SD) in controls and 54.2 +/- 14.0% (mean +/- SD) in bacterial-overgrowth patients (P less than .001). 14CO2 excretion rate in 12h, when normalized to 100% of the dose at the 12th hour, gave an even finer discrimination between the two groups (no false responses). 14C in stool, analyzed in 20 malabsorption patients and 20 controls by two different techniques, was 6.6 +/- 4% and 31.38 +/- 21.7% (mean +/- SD), respectively. Results by the two different techniques described here correlated well (r = .99). Bile acid malabsorption was in reasonable agreement (r = .67) with percentage of "chenoid" (chenodeoxycholic acid plus ursodeoxycholic acid) in the stool by gas-liquid chromatography; a poorer correlation was observed when "chenoid" plus "choloid" (cholic acid plus its epimers) were plotted vs. -4C in stool (r = .57, n = 15).

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1976

The medical treatment of cholesterol gallstones: experience with chenodeoxycholic acid.

Chenodeoxycholic acid has been administered to 50 patients with cholelithiasis and 8 with choledocholithiasis for a period of 15 months at doses varying between 2- and 15 mg/kg/day. Among the 50 patients with cholelithiasis, complete dissolution occurred in 16 and partial dissolution in 15 cases. Among the 8 patients with choledocholithiasis, complete dissolution occurred in 3 and partial dissolution in 2 cases. Lower doses were adopted in an attempt to determine the minimum effective daily dose required to produce gallstone dissolution and to lower the cholesterol saturation index (mean 1.52 +/- 0.73 before and 0.98 +/- 0.36 after treatment). Routine liver function tests were carried out before, during and after treatment; no significant alterations were produced by therapy. Studies of the antipyrine half-life, to estimate hepatic microsomial function were found to be normal (mean 13.61 +/- 2.62 before and 13.21 +/- 3.04 after treatment). In addition, histological investigations of the liver were described. This study confirms the efficacy of chenodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of cholesterol gallstones and gives an indication of the minimum effective dose (7.8 mg/kg/day). At the present doses, it has been shown that there are no substantial modifications in fundamental liver function.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Therapy of cholesterol lithiasis with chenodeoxycholic acid (Chenoxyl)].

Chenodesoxycholic acid (500-750 mg/day Chenoxyl) was employed over a period of 9 months in the treatment of 40 patients with radiotransparent calculi in a functioning gallbladder and 8 with choledochal lithiasis. Radiological examination and complete hepatological exploration were carried out before and after the treatment in all cases. Complete dissolution was obtained in 6 and 2 cases respectively, with reduction of size in 13 and 2, and no change in 21 and 4. No significant variations were notes in the blood lipid picture or in liver function. There were no cases of diarrhoea.

Adult↗