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Biomedical subjects

G Menaker

Publications and source records attributed to G Menaker.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Confocal examination of nonmelanoma cancers in thick skin excisions to potentially guide mohs micrographic surgery without frozen histopathology.

Precise removal of nonmelanoma cancers with minimum damage to the surrounding normal skin is guided by the histopathologic examination of each excision during Mohs micrographic surgery. The preparation of frozen histopathology sections typically requires 20-45 min per excision. Real-time confocal reflectance microscopy offers an imaging method potentially to avoid frozen histopathology and prepare noninvasive (optical) sections within 5 min. Skin excisions ( approximately 1 mm thick) from Mohs surgeries were washed with 5% acetic acid and imaged with a confocal cross-polarized microscope. The confocal images were compared with the corresponding histopathology. Acetic acid causes compaction of chromatin that increases light back-scatter and makes the nuclei bright and easily detectable. Crossed-polarization strongly enhances the contrast of the nuclei because the compacted chromatin depolarizes the illumination light whereas the surrounding cytoplasm and normal dermis does not. Fast low-resolution examination of cancer lobules in wide fields of view followed by high-resolution inspection of nuclear morphology in small fields of view is possible; this is similar to the procedure for examining histopathology sections. Both the Mohs surgeon and the patient will potentially save several hours per day in the operating room. Fast confocal reflectance microscopic examination of excisions (of any thickness) may improve the management of surgical pathology and guide microsurgery of any human tissue.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed2001

In vivo fluorescence spectroscopy of nonmelanoma skin cancer.

In vivo and ex vivo tissue autofluorescence (endogenous fluorescence) have been employed to investigate the presence of markers that could be used to detect tissue abnormalities and/or malignancies. We present a study of the autofluorescence of normal skin and tumor in vivo, conducted on 18 patients diagnosed with nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC). We observed that both in basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) the endogenous fluorescence due to tryptophan residues was more intense in tumor than in normal tissue, probably due to epidermal thickening and/or hyperproliferation. Conversely, the fluorescence intensity associated with dermal collagen crosslinks was generally lower in tumors than in the surrounding normal tissue, probably because of degradation or erosion of the connective tissue due to enzymes released by the tumor. The decrease of collagen fluorescence in the connective tissue adjacent to the tumor loci was validated by fluorescence imaging on fresh-frozen tissue sections obtained from 33 NMSC excised specimens. Our results suggest that endogenous fluorescence of NMSC, excited in the UV region of the spectrum, has characteristic features that are different from normal tissue and may be exploited for noninvasive diagnostics and for the detection of tumor margins.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Occlusive dressing versus oxygen mist therapy following CO2 laser resurfacing.

BACKGROUND: Oxygen is an essential element for collagen synthesis and reepithelialization. The use of topical oxygen after CO2 laser resurfacing has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: To compare the rate and quality of healing in wounds treated with an oxygen mist to those treated with occlusive dressing following CO2 laser resurfacing. METHODS: Three patients underwent CO2 laser resurfacing to each half of the face 3 weeks apart. Postoperatively, half of the face was treated with an oxygen mist protocol for 5 days, while the other half was treated with occlusive dressing for 4 days. RESULTS: At postoperative day 5, significantly less crusting was observed on the half of the face treated with the oxygen mist protocol (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The oxygen mist postoperative protocol may offer patients similar overall healing rates and significantly less crusting compared to occlusive dressing.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

A clinical study of hair removal using the long-pulsed ruby laser.

BACKGROUND: Laser hair removal is rapidly becoming a widely used modality. Clinical studies are needed to assess these hair removal systems. The long-pulsed ruby laser is one such modality for the removal of unwanted hair. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of the long-pulsed ruby laser (694 nm, 3-msec pulsewidth, 7- or 10-mm spot size) in removing unwanted hair, and to provide treatment guidelines for the proper utilization of this laser system. METHODS: Forty-eight areas of unwanted facial and body hair from 25 patients with blonde, brown, or black hair were treated with the long-pulsed ruby laser at fluences between 10 and 40 J/cm2. Hair regrowth was measured at 4 weeks after the first treatment, 4 weeks after the second treatment, 4 weeks after the third treatment, and 16 weeks after the third treatment by counting the number of terminal hairs compared with baseline pretreatment values. All complications and treatment outcomes were documented. RESULTS: The mean percent of regrowth after the first treatment was 65.5%, 41% after the second treatment, and 34% after the third treatment. Overall, regardless of skin type or targeted body region, patients who underwent three treatment sessions demonstrated an average 35% regrowth in terminal hair count compared with baseline pretreatment values 6 months after initial therapy. CONCLUSION: Long-pulsed ruby laser treatment resulted in significant hair growth delay in most cases. Repeated laser treatments produced an increased number of vellus hairs, an increase in growth delay, and a decreased percentage of hair regrowth.

Abdomen↗